Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutComprehensive City Plan 1960-1985COMPREHENSIVE E U LESS, CITY PLAN TEXAS 1960E U L E S S T E X A S 1985 Economic Base And Environment Land Use Major Thoroughfares And Highways Land Subdivision Control Zoning Storm Drainage Plan Administration And Capital Improvements Accomplishment THE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION CALDWELL AND CALDWELL P L A N N E R S H 0 U S T 0 N- T Y L E R W I S E N BAKER, FIX AND ASSOC. C O N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E R S CITY OFFICIALS OF THE CITY OF EULESS, TEXAS CITY COUNCIL J. S. Anderson Mayor Billy L. Byers Alderman Bobby Fuller Alderman H. M. Huffman Alderman Billy F. Owens Alderman Roy F. Braswell Alderman CITY SECRETARY W. E. Flippo PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION Warren Fuller J. A. Horton Edward A. Smith Al Simmons Dan Peters THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN EULESS, TEXAS 1960 - 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. List of Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Listof Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Foreword . . . . . . . v1 INTRODUCTION: WhyPlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Comprehensive Plan - Its Nature and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ECONOMIC BASE AND ENVIRONMENT: Location and Regional Influences • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • 4 GrowthHistory . . . • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • 6 Residential Development . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • 8 Commercial Development • . . . . . . . • • • • . • • • . . . 8 Industrial Development . . . • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • 10 PhysicalAssets . • . • . • . • . . • . . . . . • • . . . • . . . . • • • 10 Educational and Cultural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Spiritual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Entertainment and Recreation . . • _ • • • _ • • . . . . . . 12 Transportation • . • • • • • • . . • • • . . • . • . _ • . . • • . 12 Utilities, Fuel and Power . . . . • • • • • . _ • • . • • . • . 13 Hostelries and Tourist Facilities . • • . • • • . . . . . . . 14 Land Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Basic Economy and Employment . . • . • • . • . . • . . . . . . . 14 Regional Factors •••••• ......................... 15 Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Conclusions • . • • • • • • • • • . . • • _ • • • • • • • • • • • • 17 i Table of Contents (Continued): Page No. POPULATION ................................... 29 Population Growth, Fort Worth Metropolitan Area............................... 20 Population Forecast, Euless • . . • • . . • • • • • . • • • . 23 Population Planning . • • . . . • • • . • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • 28 Population Density• •.........••••.•_•..••..... 29 Present Density . . . . . . . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • . 30 Future Density . • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • . . 33 Distribution of Population • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 36 Present Distribution• . • . . • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • 36 Future Distribution . . • • • • • • • . . • • _ • • . • • • . • • 36 LANDUSE ..................................... 40 Land Use Survey • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 40 Pattern of Uses • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • • • 41 Future Land Use Requirements • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • 44 Relationship of Population to Land Use • • • • • • • • • • 44 Residential . • _ • • • . • • • . • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 44 Residential, Two -Family • . . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 Residential, Multi -Family • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • . 47 Commercial . . . . . • . . • • • • • _ • . • • . • • • . . . • • . 47 Parks and Recreational Areas • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • 48 Public and Semi -Public Areas • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • 48 Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Future Land Use Plan • • • _ • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49 MAJOR THOROUGHFARES AND HIGHWAYS . . • • • • • • • • • . • . 53 Requirements for an Adequate Thoroughfare System • • • • . 54 Objectives of Thoroughfare Planning . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • . 54 Types of Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Major Thoroughfares . . . . . _ • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • 56 Collector Streets • • • . • • • • . . • • • • • • • . • _ • • . • . 56 Residential Streets . . . . . • _ • • • . . • • • • • • • • . • • • 57 Existing Street and Highway Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 57 Right-of-way Widths and Roadway Improvements . . . . 59 Major Traffic Routings • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Proposed Major Thoroughfare and Highway System . . . . . • 61 Proposed Street Cross -Sections . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • 63 Regional Highway System . . . . . . . . . . • • . • • • • • • 66 East-West Major Thoroughfares . . . . • • • • . • • • • • • 69 ii Table of Contents (Continued): Page No. MAJOR THOROUGHFARES AND HIGHWAYS (Continued): North -South Major Thoroughfares . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Collector Streets . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 71 Traffic Control . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • 73 Achievement of the Thoroughfare Plan . . . . . . . • • • • • • 74 STORM DRAINAGE: Purpose of Drainage Plan . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • . • • • • • 76 Watersheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Storm Sewers and Channels . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 78 Flood Peaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Flooding of Land Adjacent to Creeks . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • 86 Future Bridges . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 86 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • . • • • • . • . • • • • 86 LAND SUBDIVISION CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • 88 Objectives of Subdivision Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 88 Recommended Land Subdivision Control Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 ZONING...................................... 91 Objectives of Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 History of Zoning in Euless . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • 92 Recommended Zoning for Euless . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • 93 Report on Zoning Ordinance - Hurst, Texas . . . . . . 94 Proposed Zoning District Map . . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • • • • 99 PLAN ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • 102 Adoption of the Plan . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 103 Citizen Support and Publicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • . 104 Planning Progress Reports . . . . . . . • . • • . • • • • • • • • . 104 Planning Agency Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • . 105 Planning, A Continuing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . 105 Capital Improvement Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 iii Table of Contents (Continued): Page No. MAJOR THOROUGHFARES AND HIGHWAYS ( Continued): North -South Major Thoroughfares . . . . . . . . . . • • • 70 Collector Streets . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 71 Traffic Control . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 73 Achievement of the Thoroughfare Plan . . . • • • • . • • • • • 74 STORM DRAINAGE: Purpose of Drainage Plan . . . . . • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 76 Watersheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Storm Sewers and Channels . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • . • • • 78 FloodPeaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Flooding of Land Adjacent to Creeks . . . . . . . • • . • • • • • 86 Future Bridges . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 86 Recommendations. . . . . . • • • • . • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • 86 LAND SUBDIVISION CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • • • 88 Objectives of Subdivision Control . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • 88 Recommended Land Subdivision Control Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 ZONING ...................................... 91 Objectives of Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 History of Zoning in Euless . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • 92 Recommended Zoning for Euless . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 93 Report on Zoning Ordinance - Hurst, Texas . . . . . . 94 Proposed Zoning District Map . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • 99 PLAN ADMINISTRATION . . . . . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • 102 Adoption of the Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • 103 Citizen Support and Publicity . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • . 104 Planning Progress Reports . . . . . . . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • 104 Planning Agency Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • • • . 105 Planning, A Continuing Process . . . . . . • . • • • . • • • • • • 105 Capital Improvement Programming . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • 106 iii LIST OF PLATES Page No. 1. Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. Growth of Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3. Growth of Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4. Population Density - 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5. Population Density - 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6. Population Distribution - 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7. Population Distribution - 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8. Present Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 9. Future Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 10. A Typical Neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 11. Major Thoroughfares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 12. Recommended Street Gross Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 13. Highway System in Fort Worth Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 14. Typical Street Transition Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 15. Storm Drainage Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 16. Proposed Zoning Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Ps•A LIST OF TABLES Page No. 1. Building Permits from 1954 to 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. Industrial Employment, November, 1959 . . . . . . . . . . • . . 11 3. Population Growths and Trends, Tarrant County Municipalities 1950-1957; 1957 - 1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4. Comparative Population and State and County Ranking of Tarrant County Municipalities, 1950- 1960 . . . . . . . . . 24 5. Present Population Densities by Survey Areas . . . . . . . . . . 32 6. Present and Projected Population Densities . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7. Existing Land Use (In Acres) 1960, by Study Areas . . . . . . 43 8. Future Land Use (In Acres) By Study Areas . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9. Present and Estimated Future Land Use Areas and Ratios to Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10. Proposed Cross -Sections for Major Thoroughfares and Collector Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • • • • • 65 11. Creek Channels and Bridge Sizes Required for 25-Year Frequency Floods . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • • • • 82 v Foreword THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN EULESS, TEXAS 1960 - 1985 FOREWORD The presentation of this Comprehensive City Plan for Euless is the culmination of more than eighteen months of study and creative effort by the City Planning Commission with the assistance of its planning consultants. Prompted by recent years of intensive physical growth and population increase, resulting from the general urbaniza- tion of the entire Dallas - Fort Worth metropolitan area of which the Euless - Hurst community is an integral part, the City's Governmental Authorities deemed it advisable in 1959 to initiate the formulation of a practical guide to which future urban land use and physical development might take place in an orderly manner. There being no general metropolitan area plan to guide the phenomenal growth that has been steadily experienced in post World War II years in the Dallas - Fort Worth area, the majority of the smaller urban communities situated between the two large cities such as Irving, Arlington, Hurst, Bedford, Grapevine, Euless, Haltom City, Grand Prairie, the several communities on the outer periphery of the area as Mesquite, Garland and others, have set about the preparation of individual long-range community development plans. Some of these planning projects have been coordinated with each other and some have not. Fortunately, both the municipalities of Euless and Hurst used considerable foresight in their desire to formulate a growth pattern as a guide to the future development of the immediate area in which they are located at the same time. Thus, the City Plans for Euless and Hurst have been prepared with the assistance of the same consultants with a view of coordinating the principal elements of land use control and long-range planning stan- dards through which community facilities may be fitted to adequately serve both the present population and that which will likely be present in the area during the next twenty-five years. Planning for future physical growth of any urban community is a necessary function and prime responsibility of municipal government. Authorities in Euless are to be commended for their recognition of these responsibilities, their vision and their determination in directing that this Comprehensive City Plan- be developed. vi It is well to remind ourselves that however mature and complete the Comprehensive Plan might be, it should not be regarded as the end of planning in Euless. The Plan, as here presented, should constitute merely the beginning of planning for a greatly expanded community, because the processes of urban development, the various technological changes in urban living, communications, transportation, and the indus - trialization of the entire metropolitan area will naturally bring about changing growth patterns. Through the constant employment and admin- istration of recognized urban planning principles and recommendations contained in this Comprehensive Plan, along with the adaptation of the planning standards to the particular development trends and conditions as they come about in future years, orderly urban development may be achieved in the expansive area into which Euless will grow. The Plan brings together the related elements of urban development that should provide a desirable framework upon which the future Euless will be built. These elements should prove to be a coordinated program of land development that will create an environment of convenience and desira- bility for its present and future citizens. The following phases of community planning have been authorized by the Governmental Authorities of Euless and have been included in this Comprehensive Plan Report: PREPARATION OF BASE CITY MAP ECONOMIC BASE STUDIES, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY, LONG-RANGE FORECASTS LAND USE STUDIES MAJOR THOROUGHFARES AND HIGHWAYS STORM DRAINAGE LAND SUBDIVISION CONTROL ZONING PLAN ADMINISTRATION Previously accomplished by the consultants were recommended subdivision control rules and regulations compiled in separate booklet form. This document was presented to the Planning Commission for its study and review and use in consideration of approval of subdivision plats as they came before the Planning Commission in accordance with the requirements established by State statutes. vii Introduction THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN EULESS, TEXAS 1960 - 1985 INTRODUCTION Why Plan? Much concern has developed over the years relative to the "decay" and "blight" of sections of older urban communities and the need for correction and prevention of such adverse conditions. Abundant evidence is found in nearly all established communities of congestion, overcrowding, improper utilization of land, lack of circulatory systems, inadequate and ill -provided community facilities, high taxation and shifting population which cause this urban deterioration. Then there is the more recent contagion of "urban sprawl', the springing up of new "bedroom" com- munities within and adjacent to large cities engendered by such condi- tions and resulting from uncontrolled and unrelated land use development, causing, in turn, instability of land and property values and expensive installation of community facilities and services. How can these con- ditions be overcome, yet not stifle a community's growth, but still pro- mote orderly and desirable urban growth? Advance urban planning, with the application of recognized principles and standards of urban develop- ment, coupled with the administration of proper land use and development controls commensurate with the character of the community and the needs of its people, is the answer. The Comprehensive Plan - Its Nature and Objectives The Comprehensive City Plan for Euless is, in the simplest of terms, an overall practical plan for the most beneficial use of the land area which the City will ultimately utiI.ize to provide for the necessities, conveniences and amenities of the people who will inhabit the area. The Plan is made up of the various recognized elements of urban development that lend themselves to long-range planning, which are organized and documented into an instrument that can be followed, over the years, in guiding future physical development of the community in an orderly manner. (1) 2 The Plan, as presented in these subsequent chapters, is a written report incorporating generai.ly accepted planning standards and known principles of urban design, supplemented by supporting data and illustrations in the form of maps, charts and sketches. The Plan is the official instrument of the practice known as comprehensive urban planning which is, under State enabling statutes, the responsibility of a Municipality under the direction of its official Planning Commission. The real objective of the Comprehensive Plan for Euless is the creation of an efficient, desirable and economically sound community in which its citizens may live, work and play - the best physical environment possible that can be adapted to the desires of the people, the character of the City, and the community's economic stability and resources. This overall objective can result in six significant achieve- ments as follows: 1. Conservation, stabilization and enhancement of both public and private property values; 2. Assurance that capital improvements made by the City, County, State and Federal agencies will be permanent rather than sub- jected to obsolescence, thus resulting in extended long-range economy; 3. Development of a long-range public land acquisition program that will result in economic savings in land procurement; 4. Reduction of differences and uncoordinated efforts of public agencies in development of community facilities having over- lapping functions, thereby resulting in reduced public land use re- quirements; 5. Reduction of duplication of administrative effort and competition for available public funds and resources; 6. Assurance of desirable development of the physical form of the City and elimination of "urban sprawl's through land subdivision control and zoning, resulting in protection and insurance of sound in- vestments in private and public properties and improvements. The success that Euless may realize in the control and guidance of future development lies in the effective use to which the Comprehen- sive Plan is put. As is true with any law, ordinance or regulation of any kind, no matter how well the Plan has been prepared, its value can be only as good as its administration. It is therefore incumbent upon the governing authorities of the City of Euless to utilize the Plan and its incorporated controls throughout the coming years. 3 The Plan should never become static, but should remain flexible and subject to adjustments periodically to properly adapt it to changes and trends of urban development and characteristics as experienced in the future years of the City's growth processes, Economic Base And Environment 0 ECONOMIC BASE AND ENVIRONMENT LOCATION AND REGIONAL INFLUENCES A distinct national trend of urbanization is clearly evidenced in America. Suburban communities and satellite municipalities adjacent to and within the sphere of influence of large metropolitan areas, such as the Euless - Hurst community in the Fort Worth - Dallas metropoli- tan area, cannot help growing in future years. The recent 1960 census provides fresh evidence of the dynamics of a free society and the traditional mobility of the American people. It has been pointed out that 20% of our national population, or 35 million people, change their resi- dence each year and that people are moving from rural areas to urban centers in response to better working opportunities. In a study by the Committee for Economic Development it was pointed out that urbanization of our nation's population has been in process for more than a century. In 1850, 15% of our population lived in urban places. By 1900, this proportion reached 40% and, by 1920, increased to 50%. Today the astounding ratio of two out of three Americans live in urban areas. Moreover, there has been a continuous exodus of people from the older sectors of the central cities to the outer fringes of the metropolitan areas and, in most sections of the country (the Dallas - Fort Worth area included) there has been a larger increase in the suburban areas surrounding the central cities than in the core cities proper. The recent census showed an aggregate rise of only 8% in central cities of metropolitan areas in the past decade as opposed to 14% during the preceding decade; but, conversely, population in fringe cities of the metropolitan areas increased 50% in the past ten years over the 35% during the 1940-1950 decade. Of the population growth in metropolitan areas since 1950, 80% has been found in the suburban residential communities. Predictions have been made recently that the time is rapidly approaching when the great majority of our nation's metropolitan population will reside outside the central cities - in urban areas such as is represented by the Euless - Hurst community. Euless' present role and its ultimate position in the Fort Worth - Dallas urban complex is best exemplified in a recent editorial in the nationally -circulated Architectural Forum, January, 1961. In this article the question was posed as to who, outside of Texas, ever heard of Irving - the nearest municipality east of Euless. 5 The article cited. the fact that Irving ten years ago was only a hamlet between Fort Worth and Dallas with a population of 2, 600 and since has grown by 17 times to a 1960 population of 46, 000 with an expected ultimate population of half a million and has begun annexing 114 square miles of land area - more than the big city neighbor, Dallas. This phenomenon, according to the editorial-, is an example of the development of suburban communities, still at the apex of. the American effort toward spacious living and working in superior surroundings. But, it was pointed out that such suburban communities cannot go it alone and that, irretrievably, they have become an integral part of something even larger than their own ideas, which is to say they are a part of the metropolitan -suburban complex of today. Every suburban community must, from here on out, sharply define its role not only to the central city to which it is most closely related., but to its relationship with its neighbors and to the total metropolitan area. It was also opined in the editorial that in the cruel days of international competion that lie ahead, the freedom of choice and action that American suburbs have uniquely enjoyed must make room for real efficiency in order to accom- modate the industrialization that is every -spreading. Thus we have related here not only the view and opinion expressed by one planner, but the collective concepts of suburban and satellite community development trends attendant throughout America as they are shared by almost all urban planners of our day. These development trends are so numerous all around Euless - not only in Irving's case, but in Arlington, Hurst, Garland, Mesquite, Richland Hills, Carrollton, Farmer's Branch, and in Euless itself - that we can, without difficulty, conceive of the future growth processes with which Euless will surely be confronted. Euless, immediately adjacent to the City of Hurst, north of Arlington and west of Irving, is a relatively new northeast Tarrant County municipality incorporated in 1954 and one of these several independent urban communities lying between the large Cities of Dallas and Fort Worth that are experiencing the "mushrooming" population and extensive physical expansion. This marked increase in the tempo of mid -city urbanization is attributable to the fabulous growth of the Dallas - Fort Worth metropolitan area, one of the fourteen large so-called "interurbias" of the United States - the term "interurbia" having been advanced by some planning authorities as the "merging of cities." Euless, in similarity to such other mid -city communities as Hurst, Irving, Arlington., Grand Prairie, Haltom City, Richland Hills and Bedford, is considered a "satellite" community as differentiated from the "central" type city as characterized by Denton, Fort Worth or Dallas in that it is a part of and is influenced by the economic develop- ment of a much larger urban complex. C All of these municipalities, in addition to others lying in the outer periphery of the Dallas - Fort. Worth area, are convenient and desirable places of residence for people who commute to work in the industrial and commercial centers of employment in the two larger cities and to the industrial. plants at Arlington and Grand Prairie, nearby Amon Carter Field (formerly Fort Worth International Airport), the Menasc.o Plant near Euless and the Bell Helicopter Plant adjacent to Hurst. Plate 1, following, indicates the position of Euless in the Dallas - Fort Worth metropolitan area and its relationship to other area muni- cipalities and major highway network. Euless' geographical position in the path of the tremendous growth potential and "merging" of the two large metropolises is indicative enough to practically insure its con- tinued growth throughout the next two decades or more. GROWTH HISTORY To find the "pulse beat" of the Community, we must have the answer to several basic questions - Why is Euless here? - Where is it going? - What will it be like in 25 years ? Prior to 1954, Euless, like Hurst, was a small village consisting of scattered residences and a few small commercial enterprises along each side of State Highway 183, which was at the time the north connec- tion between the cities of Fort Worth and Dallas. Euless remained in this village form until shortly after 1956 and, like most other northeast Tarrant County villages and municipalities, it had perhaps been founded upon an agrarian economy, most of the land in the north and east parts of Tarrant County having been devoted mainly to agricultural production of one type or another. Progress in urban growth in the Euless -Hurst area before the middle 1950's was slow due to several factors, one of the primary ones being the lack of adequate access over highway facilities (only State Highway 183 being available) to the employment centers in Dallas and Fort Worth. In the past five years the construction of the Dallas - Fort Worth Turnpike some four miles to the south of.' Euless, the improve- ments to F. M. Highway 157 from Euless south to a. connection with the Turnpike and Arlington, in addition to the recent improvements to State Highway 183, have alleviated this situation somewhat. More important, however, is the fact that only since 1953 has the intensive urbanization and industrialization of the area between Fort Worth and Dallas occured. CALDWELL AND CALDWELL F. L A N N E R S THE COMPREHENSIVE LOCATION MAP EULESS, TEXAS PLATE H O U S T O N- T Y L E R WISENBAKER, FIX AND ASSOC. CONSULTING ENGINEERS CITY P L A N The population of Euless during the early 1950's consisted of 250 people, some of whom commuted to places of employment in nearby towns and cities. The latter years of the past decade produced the nearby area industrial development and the expansion of operations at Amon Carter Field (formerly Fort Worth International Airport) and brought about a stimulated development of medium- to=low-cost resi- dences and an influx of population who are employed principally at the Airport, Bell Helicopter Assembly Plant at Hurst, the industrial com- plex of the Great Southwest Corporation and the General Motors Plant at Arlingtcn, in additirn to the recently constructed Menasco Plant just south of Euless and the several small industrial plants to the south of State Highway 183 in Hurst. Continued development of these principal places of employment in the mid -Fort Worth - Dallas area has provid- ed the impetus to the selection of the Euless -Hurst area as a conven- ient place of residence from which workers can commute to these centers of employment, and certainly to the large industrial complexes in Dallas and Fort Worth. Residential Development During the latter 1950's many new residences in the medium and low price range were built in the Euless area. The land use survey conducted by the consultants in 1959 and 1960 disclosed 1381 dwelling units which housed an estimated population of about 5110 (including the Community of Tarrant but excluding all other incorporated communities). The 1960 census showed a population of 4236 persons. A census con- ducted by the City d Euless showed the population to be 5, 492 persons as of August 1, 1961. Up until 1961 there had been no multi -family or rental housing units built in Euless. It will be safe to say that practi- cally 10010 of the residences in Euless are of single family ownership and classification. Table 1, following, lists the historical increase in residential building permits between the years 1954 and 1961 inclusive. The table indicates clearly that Euless is developing extremely rapidly with the increase from 40 permits in 1954 to 443 in 1961. Commercial Development Commercial development in Euless consisted of a few service - type establishments along both sides of State Highway 183. These establishments were principally automobile service stations, eating establishments and a few limited retail outlets. of BUILDING PERMITS FROM 1954 TO 1961 Total Price Range Year $ 8, 000- '$10, 000- $12, 000- Over Permits $10, 000 $12, 000 $16, 000 $16, 000 1954 40 21 15 14 1955 43 15 18 10 1956 51 20 15 16 1957 184 100 50 34 1958 311 250 55 6 1959 345 245 75 25 1960 207 156 36 9 6 1961 443 370 51 2 20 Source: City of Euless, February, 1962 10 The limited commercial development in Euless up to the present is quite evident, the reason being the nearness of the central business district of. Fort Worth and the retail centers in nearby Haltom City, North Richland Hills and Hurst and the central business districts of Dallas, Irving and Arlington. These larger central commercial districts can be reached in a very short driving time of 15-45 minutes from any resi- dence in Euless. Practically no figures are obtainable for retail busi- ness conduct in Euless because of its small size and its lack of rank prior to the 1960 census. It is doubtful that the 1960 census will exhibit any pertinent data relative to commercial business conducted in the Euless municipality. Industrial Development The City of Euless is also without industrial development up until this time. As mentioned previously, the major industrial development other than that attributable to Dallas and Fort Worth are the few indus- trial enterprises that are located between State Highway 183 and the Rock Island Railroad within the corporate limits of Hurst, the Bell Helicopter Plant across the highway from Hurst, Amon Carter Field just east of Euless and the Menasco Plant south of Euless. These particular installations are the largest employment centers in the immediate vicinity of. Euless. Table 2 lists the major industrial enter- prises in the Euless -Hurst area, the number of employees as of the close of 1959 and the approximate annual payrolls in those industries. Many residents of Euless, however, are conceded to have employment in the larger cities of Dallas and Fort Worth and the industrial complexes at Grand Prairie and Arlington. PHYSICAL ASSETS Euless, although only a small residential community today, is, by virtue of its situation in a metropolitan complex, equipped with or con- venient to more than the normal assets necessary for its cultural, spiritual. and physical growth. 11 TABLE 2 INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT, NOVEMBER, 1959 No, of Approximate Industry Employees Annual Payroll Amon Carter Field 2,337 $ 21, 943, 841 Bell Helicopter Corp. 2,900 18, 500, 000 Menasco Mfg. Co. 350 Z,500,000 Anchor Metals, Inc. 120 600,000 Big 11311 Welding 35 180,000 Tri-Tronics 39 140, 000 Western Builders Supply 18 100,000 Boyles Galvanizing Co. 35 125,000 Red-D-Go Concrete Co. 30 125,000 **Allied Van Lines 13 83,000 Trinity Forge, Inc. 17 80, 000 Henry Metals, Inc. 13 60,000 Hurst Mfg. Co. 15 52, 000 Sal Tex Refinery 12 47,000 Anadite, Inc. 65 X v.ye 5, 000 drivers work through this plant but are paid through home office located elsewhere. (X) Withheld to avoid disclosure. Source: Hurst - Euless Chamber of Commerce, November, 1959. 12 Educational and Cultural Educational facilities in the Euless area are of a public nature and are provided by the Hurst - Euless - Bedford Independent School District. This system contains one combined junior -senior high school, a junior high school in Euless, nine elementary schools for white students and one school for colored students. No institutions of higher learning are located in the Euless - Hurst area. Large colleges and universities are located in nearby Dallas, Fort Worth, Arlington and, to the north, at Denton, Texas. Spiritual The Euless - Hurst area is replete with churches of almost all denominations, numbering some 25, most of which are of the small, neighborhood category as regards congregational membership and size of plant facilities. Larger churches in Dallas, Fort Worth and nearby municipalities are accessible to and available for Euless residents. Entertainment and Recreation Euless, as is the case with most small communities, is not well equipped with local entertainment facilities. However, local entertain- ment is afforded during the school year in activities connected with and sponsored by the public schools. Midway Park and swimming pool provide an outlet for recreational activities of Euless residents. Six Flags Over Texas, a large entertainment institution of national signifi- cance, is only a short distance from Euless. Cultural, entertainment and recreational facilities and activities of varied nature and wide choice are available within 30 to 40 minutes' automobile drive time of any residence in Euless. Outdoors, large-scale water and natural- istic park facilities are readily accessible at Lake Arlington to the south, Lake Grapevine to the north, Lake Dallas to the northeast and the several lakes in the Fort Worth region. Transportation Major transportation media exist in the vast network of State highways and County roads in the Euless - Hurst area. 13 Although the community is served by the joint track facility to the south paralleling State Highway 183 over which the Rock Island, Burlington and Frisco Railroad lines operate to form connections with 10 trunkline railroads with 16 rail outlets from the Dallas - Fort Worth area and more than 800 regularly scheduled freight trains weekly. The principal ingress and egress route for motor traffic exists in the through east -west State four -lane divided Highway 183 which is the northern direct connection between Fort Worth and Dallas and which, will connect with the new north -south State Loop 217 just east of Hurst which is to circle the Fort Worth metropolitan area. The north -south access route is F. M. Highway 157 which traverses central Euless and extends from Grapevine to the north to Arlington -Mansfield to the south with an interchange facility at its intersection with the Fort Worth - Dallas Turnpike four miles to the south of Euless. The recent completion of the expressway -type State Highway 360 (Watson School Road) links the Euless - Amon Carter Field area with the Great Southwest Corporation industrial complex in northeast Arlington, the General Motors Assembly Plant in east Arlington and the aircraft plants in Grand Prairie. North Euless is additionally webbed with minor County roads which extend into outlying rural areas to the north of Hurst and Euless. Transit service for passenger traffic is afforded by an interstate bus line operating over State Highway 183 with daily stops numbering about 12. Motor freight is handled by some 20 common truck carrier lines operating over the principal highways above mentioned. Allied Truck Lines operates a freight terminal on F. M. Highway 157 just south of Euless. Air transportation is one of Euless' most valuable physical assets. Amon Carter Field adjoins the southeast boundary of Euless and is one of the fine, outstanding air terminal facilities of the State. Principal terminal and maintenance facilities of American and Central Airlines are located at the Field, both of which employ considerable ground and flight personnel, many of whom reside in the Euless area. Regularly scheduled flights to and from Amon Carter Field with nationwide, trans- continental and worldwide air route connections are made by American, Delta, Braniff, Continental, Central and Trans -Texas Airlines. Utilities, Fuel and Power Euless is provided with water and sanitary sewerage service through the facilities of private enterprise, the Municipal Service Company of Texas which has its well production, storage facilities and disposal plant in Euless in addition to a vast network of distribution and collection lines. 14 Industrial and domestic fuel is natural gas and is supplied to the Euless area by the vast system of the Lone Star Gas Company. Electric power is furnished by the Texas Power & Light Company from nearby power generating plants. Hostelries and Tourist Facilities Euless has, in addition to several. smaller tourist courts and motels, the outstanding Western Hills Inn, a modern 150-room auto - hotel facility on a beautifully landscaped tract at the intersection of State Highway 185 and F. M. Highway 157. This facility is one of the Dallas - Fort Worth metropolitan area's finest hostelries and offers the finest of accommodations for the entire Euless - Hurst - Arlington area's visitors. Land Area Land area is any municipality's most valuable asset. Although Euless' expansion to the south and southeast is virtually cut off by strip annexation of Fort Worth and that City's Amon Carter Field, and to the west by Hurst and Bedford, Euless has a wealth of land area in which to expand to the north. The developed area of Euless constitutes 1252 gross acres, but the ''holding area'' or total area into which Euless can ultimately expand during the next 25 years of the planning period is estimated to be around 10, 000 gross acres or approximately eight times its present area. The land area available for urban development is gently rolling in topography and well drained by the numerous tributaries of the Trinity River which finger into the area from the south, and Big Bear Greek on the northeast. How well Euless utilizes this potential land area for urban development is the principal. matter with which this City Plan is concerned. BASIC ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT A review of an urban community's economic base and employment is basic to any rational projection of its future growth and expansion which, of course, is the underlying factor that encourages comprehensive planning for orderly and desirable physical development. 15 Such basic economic factors as industrial employment, retail and wholesale trade, labor force and buying power are essential in the study of community's reason for being, what can be expected of it in the future and what the possible limitations to its growth. are. Ordinarily, data relative to these factors for cities are obtainable from research tabula- tions compiled by such agencies as the Texas Employment Commission, the University of Texas Bureau of Business Research, the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, the United States Department of Commerce and Sales Management Ma.gazine's "Survey of Buying Power. " However, since Euless during the past decade was of less than 5, 000 population with an infinitesimal amount of retail trade, no wholesale trade and no industrial activity within itself, this informa- tion is not available. Since Euless is a part of a larger urban region it is proper to consider the economic factors and influences of this larger urban complex that will tend to provide a reasonable basis for determining the future growth potentials of the Euless community. Regional Factors The Bureau of. the Census has designated, among a number of others, the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area as a standard metropolitan area for the purposes of identifying large concentrations of population in and around cities of 50, 000 or more. The Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, according to the Bureau, includes all of Tarrant County; there- fore, it includes Euless. Moreover, Euless, like Hurst, Arlington, Irving, Richland Hills and others, is situated between two such standard metropolitan areas, Dallas and Tarrant Counties, which are, in turn, two of the largest metropolitan areas in the Southwest section of the United States. This combined metropolitan complex is the center of manufacturing, wholesale and retail distribution, governmental service, education and culture for a trade area extending over 100 miles in every direction. This area contains a population of nearly two million people. The regions buying power at the close of 1959 approached 21.- billion dollars and retail sales amounted to more than l-�' billion dollars. It has been reported that the region experienced an increase in retail sales in excess of 500% during the past decade - 50% more increase than the national average. Mid-1961 reports, as a result of the 1960 Census, are expected to show additional increases in retail sales and buying power for the region as a whole. 16 Employment Employment of citizens residing in urban communities is the basis for the local economy and for the region in which they are located. Euless contributes to the labor force of. the Fort Worth metropolitan area although its specific contribution in actual number of workers is not known. Fairly accurate figures could have been determined by sampling methods in the area had planning operational expense permitted. However, it is considered important here only to cite generally the context of the Tarrant County labor force as a whole. Near the close of. 1959, accord- ing to estimates prepared by the Texas Employment Commission in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Tarrant County labor force totaled 226, 100, the categorical breakdown of which is as follows Unemployed 11, 500 Agriculture 7, 600 Manufacturing 53, 500 Construction 12, 000 Trades 52,400 Other Industries 89, 100 A quite comprehensive report on "Population and Growth Trends of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, 1850-2000" was prepared in 1958 by the Fort Worth National Bank and the Texas Electric Service Company containing valuable information and factual data relating to the Fort Worth (Tarrant County) Metropolitan Area. It was pointed out in that report that aircraft manufacturing exerts a strong influence upon the area's labor market and that this category of manufacturing comprises about half of the manufacturing employment in Tarrant County. How- ever, it was also cited that the remainder of the area's industry is widely diversified. Late records of local Euless employment as to category and distribution are not available; however, a survey was made by the Texas Employment Commission in 1958 of the entire Dallas - Fort Worth metropolitan region. This survey revealed that 755 Euless - Hurst residents worked in Dallas County. Out of. the 4, 215 workers in the Euless - Hurst area, 82% or 3, 460 worked in Tarrant County. Moreover, 25. 3% or 1, 065 worked in the confines of. the Euless - Hurst area. Indications from that survey, and from other sources investigated by the consultants, are that Euless resident workers are well distributed in employment in the industries in the immediate Euless - Hurst area, in Dallas County and in the Fort Worth (Tarrant County) industrial complex. 17 This simply means that the average resident in Euless proper is of the commuter type and likely will continue to be inasmuch as the type of physical development expected in the Euless - Hurst area will be pre- dominantly residential. The employment of the resident population will be in the expanding industrial plants and new enterprises that are sure to find locations in the mid -Fort Worth - Dallas region. The importance of the labor force in the future of Euless can be summarized and pointed up in the following considerations: The .labor force is composed of two distinct types of employment- (a) basic employment, which category consists of people employed in providing goods or services for export to the population outside the limits of a community; and (B) service employment, which is made up of people who are engaged in pro- viding services and goods for those employed in basic industries within the local community. It is generally conceded from national averages that one person employed in a basic job will, in turn, generate employment for one and one-half to two per- sons in a service industry. An example would be that the addition of 100 basic jobs to a community would create the need for approximately 200 service jobs. These persons, including their dependents, would equal between 600 and 700 persons added to the population. The Menasco Plant is a typical example of a basic employment center. Employment in the Western Hills Inn would be a typical example of service employment. It is, therefore, important to consider the potential industrial development of the entire region between Fort Worth and Dallas because many of the basic workers in those potential industries and the expan- sion of the present industries in the area will contribute to the resident population of the Euless Community proper. Conclusions 1. Euless is in a geographic position to realize an increasing population that will be generated by the expanding economy of the local Euless - Hurst area and the much larger Fort Worth - Dallas metropolitan region, thus increasing its contribution to the regional labor force. 2. Euless is situated in a metropolitan area with a tremen- dous economic potential in retail and wholesale sales, manufacturing and buying power. 3. Future growth of Euless will be dependent upon the in- fluences exerted by two metropolitan areas between which it is situated. In 4. Adequate new highway connections to the Great Southwest Corporation industrial. complex in northeast Arlington will have an im- portant impact upon the population growth of Euless. Potential employ- ment in the GSC area, as estimated by officials of that corporation and pointed out in the Arlington City Plan revisions, 1959, will approach 140, 000 persons in 15 to 20 years. It can be expected that many of these people, plus their dependents, will reside in the Euless Community. 5. Although Euless is now equipped with adequate trans- portation facilities, it is expected that future development of State and Federal. highways in the area will provide more adequate connections to the employment centers in the Fort Worth metropolitan area, thus stimulating a greater population growth in the Euless Community. 6. The future physical development of the Euless Commun- ity will be predominantly residential, with a limited commercial and industrial development. Commercial development will likely be in the form of residential shopping centers dispersed throughout the future planning area. 7. The planning, or "holding'', area of Euless is sufficient to accommodate a population many times that presently situated in the Community. 8. Physical expansion will require a well -organized muni- cipal government and will ultimately dictate the necessity for a stable tax base and revenue producing functions with which to provide many of the urban services and public improvements necessary for a convenient and desirable urban environment. Population 19 POPULATION The number of people that will reside in the Euless Community will determine the quantities of land to be allocated for such necessary developments as residences, shopping centers, schools, parks, public buildings, utilities and other facilities. Distribution and density of population will determine the scope, capacity and location of major thoroughfares and highways, public utilities and the various buildings and other facilities of a public nature that will be needed. The determi- nation of population distribution and density will also define the amount of commercial, public and semi-public land uses that will be required by the population, and where these various categories of land use should be positioned in the overall urban structure to best serve the population. Before any projections or proposals can be made for land usage and for community facilities such as major thoroughfares, utilities and other services, along with zoning controls and subdivision regulations, it will be important to make a. reasonable survey of the present living habits of the people in the Euless area together with arriving at a rational projection of future population as based upon known criteria and methods of population forecasting. The Euless Plan, as presented in this report, is designed as a guide to the future development of Euless for the next two or more decades. It is the purpose of this chapter to analyze the present pop- ulation trends of growth and then to estimate the future population so that the probable land use needs may be proportioned to serve the expected population growth. These factors are determined from the application of known relationships between land needed for urban pur- poses and the number of people residing in the community. When certain conclusions are rationalized as to the amount and desired dis- tribution and density of the population it will be possible to intelligently determine the various physical elements needed so as to produce the desired urban pattern.. Although a reasonable projection of future population is important in the overall planning procedure of the development of a comprehensive City Plan, the ultimate success and accuracy of forecasts are uncertain because so many unseen and unpredictable factors can materially in- fluence population growth rates. Some of these factors are prolonged economic recessions or depressions of a national or regional scale; "tight money" markets and prohibitive interest rates on mortgage loans that control the barometer of home building; international wars; major shifts in population; economic changes of a. local nature brought about by the influx or exodus of industry, large-scale layoffs of industrial workers due to cancellation of defense contracts or overproduction of manufactured products; improved technological processes: and automation, among others. 20 Reasonably accurate population forecasts can, however, be made on the basis of a. study of past growth trends, current trends in land development, population migration, birth rates, local population shifts, and the conomic potential of the community, the area and the region in which a municipality is located. From these factors conclusions may be drawn relating to the gain or loss in population in certain areas of the developed community; the general areas into which expansion and in- creased population will likely occur; the desired density of population to be encouraged in keeping with the known living habits of the people; the characteristics of the community as revealed in the present study areas; and the future distribution of population over the planning area. Population Growth, Fort Worth Metropolitan Area In studying Euless' prospective population growth, it is considered important to also study the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area (Tarrant County) growth over the past years since Euless, along with 32 other County municipalities, makes up the Area. In 1958, an extensive study and comprehensive report was compiled by the Fort Worth National Bank and the Texas Electric Service Company entitled, "Population and Growth Trends of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, 1850-2000". Certain information, factors of growth and observations contained in that report are thought to be appropriate of mention herein as a rational approach to projecting population for the local Euless Community. Certain information revealed by the 1960 Census will naturally alter some of the figures quoted in that report and the discussions to follow will take into account these changes. In the summary of the population trend report above cited, the following observations were made: 1. During the 1940-1950 decade, the population of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area increased 60. 2 percent, a growth appreciably higher than the State or national average. 2. Since 1950, the Fort Worth .Metropolitan Area has grown 56. 6 percent; from 361, 253 inhabitants in 1950 to 565, 600 in 1957. (Latest 1960 figures for the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area were not available at time of City Plan writing. ) 3. By 1970, the population of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area will reach an estimated 900, 000, an increase of 43 percent. By the year 2000, the population may reach 2, 000, 000 persons. 21 4. Thirteen distinct municipalities have incorporated in Tarrant County since 1950. Euless is one of these, incorporated in 1954. Of the thirteen, ten are located in the northeast quadrant of the County. It is anticipated that each will continue to record large gains in population in the future. 5. Direction of growth within the city limits of Fort Worth is away from the city core to the peripheral areas, primarily to the east and, in a lesser degree, to the south. It was also pointed out in that report that although the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area had grown 56. 6 percent, the City of Fort Worth itself during the same period (1950-19.57) had grown 39.2 percent. The slowing down of growth in the City of Fort Worth has been offset by the consolida- tion in the fringe areas of the City. This is further borne out by the recent 1960 Census figures which indicate that the percentage of increase in Fort Worth proper over the decade was 27. 8 percent (somewhat less than 39.2 percent as estimated), but the percentage of increase of the suburban municipalities was considerably greater than estimated for 1957 as covered by that report - especially in Hurst and Euless. Table 3 is, for the most part, an extraction from the Fort Worth National Bank - Texas Electric Service Population and Growth Trends report, with only minor percentage changes having been made by the consultants to correct apparent errors found in the table. This table records the population of Tarrant County municipalities between the years 1950 and 1957, the 1957 population figures being estimates by various city officials, utilities companies and local sources. In addition, the table, in Column 2, indicates the year of incorporation of each of the municipalities listed. Column 6 represents the estimated increases in population to 1967 as made by Booz, Allen and Hamilton in January, 1958; Column 7 represents the percentage of increase for each city in the ten-year period between 1957 and 1967 as based upon the Column 6 projections. Reviewing this table, the greatest percentages of growth were estimated to be in Richland Hills - 7, 400%, Hurst - 3, 6.50%, North Richland Hills - 1, 328. 6%, Westworth - 656. 1%, Arlington - 446%, Smithfield - 433.4%, and Euless - 400%, in that order. All. of these municipalities, except Westworth, are in the east and northeast parts of the County. Also, reviewing this table, in the estimated percentages of increase, Column 7, as based upon the Booz, Allen and Hamilton forecast of popu- lation 19.57-1967, Euless is shown as having the greatest estimated per- centage population increase_ , 300%, followed by Hurst with 200% and Arlington with 185. 7%. TABLE 3 POPULATION GROWTH AND TRENDS, TARRANT COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES 1950-1957; 1957-1967 Percent Estimate Percent Year Population_ Increase for Increase Municipality Incorp. 1950 1957* 1950-19.57 1967 -r 1957-1967" * Fort Worth 1873 278, 778 388,138 39. 216 540,000 39. lo/o Arlington 1878 7,692 42,000 446. 0 120, 000 185. 7' Azle 1956 800 2, 160 170. 0 3,200 48. 2 Bedford 1954 1,500 1,770 18. 0 3,000 69. 5 Benbrook 1947 617 3,000 386.2 8,000 166. 7 Colleyville 1956 100 400 300. 0 800 100. 0 Crowley 1951 535 700 30. 8 1,400 100. 0 Dalworthington Gardens 1949 267 420 57. 3 750 78. 6 Edgecliff 1951 250 400 60. 0 900 125, 0 EULESS 1954 300 1,500 400. 0 6, 000(1) 300. 0 Everman 1945 500 700 40. 0 1, 200 71. 4 Forest Hill 1946 1,519 3,200 I M 7 5,000 56. 3 Grapevine 1906 1,824 3,200 75.4 5,600 75. 0 Haltom City 1944 5,760 19,100 231.6 38,000 98. 9 Hurst 1952 200 7,500 3650. 0 22, 500 200. 0 Keller 1955 660 1, 000 51. 5 Kennedale 1957 1,046 1, 500 43. 4 2, 500 66. 7 Lake Worth Village 1949 2, 351 4,000 70. 1 6, 500 62. 5 Mansfield 1890 964 1, 550 60.8 2,500 61. 3 North Richland Hills 1951 350 5,000 13280 6 11,250 125. 0 Pantego 1949 646 750 16. 1 1, 000 33. 4 Richland Hills 1950 100 7,500 7400. 0 91000 20. 0 River Oaks 1941 7,097 9,500 33. 9 10,450 10. 0 Saginaw 1949 561 900 60.4 1,500 66.7 Saginaw Park 1957 1,000 1,700 70. 0 Sansom Park Village 1949 1,611 4,200 160.7 6,000 42.8 Smithfield 1955 300 1,600 433.4 2, 500 56. 3 Southlake 1956 150 350 133.4 500 42. 9 Westover Hills 1937 266 350 31.6 400 14. 3 Westlake 1956 100 150 500 0 300 100, 0 Westworth 1941 529 4,000 656.1 6,000 50. 0 White Settlement 1941 10,827 12, 000 10. 8 13,000 8. 3 Estimates from city officials, utilities and local sources. 'c Projections estimated by Booz, Allen and Hamilton, January, 1958. (1) The 1960 census population was 4, 236. A census conducted by the City of Euless showed a population of 5, 492 persons as of August 1, 1962. Although the projection Booz, Allen and Hamilton for Euless was optimistic and predicted greater growth for Euless than any other city in Tarrant County, the population they projected for 1967 has been almost reached by the end of 1961. Source: Population and Growth Trends of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, 1850-2000, Prepared by the Fort Worth National Bank and the Texas Electric Service Company, June, 1958. 23 Table 4 ha.s been prepared by the consultants to indicate the com- parative growth of Tarrant County municipalities between 1950 and 1960, using the latest revised Census figures. The table indicates in Column 4 the amount of population change in number of persons. Column 5 repre- sents the percentage of change, the remaining columns indicate the State and County rank of each city in 1950 and 1960. It is readily apparent that the intensity of growth. in Tarrant County is centered in the Euless -.Hurst area, Hurst having the greatest gain of 4, 983% and Euless being second with 1, 312%. Hurst ranks as the 100th Texas municipality and the 5th in Tarrant County, while Euless ranks 211th in Texas and is the 9th largest municipality in Tarrant County. Population Forecast, Euless The hazards and inconsistencies of forecasting population were pointed out in the introductory paragraphs of this chapter. Projecting the population for satellite residential communities is even more diffi- cult than predicting population for central cities because of a wider variety of influences that may be exerted by an area of region of metro- politan area magnitude, in .Euless' case, the influences of two major metropolitan areas. Several methods of population forecasting are usually resorted to in estimating future population for municipalities. None of the recognized methods, however, can be expected to be infallible. The simplest method of population forecasting is the extension of past population curves as based upon the last known data on a straight-- line basis. This method does not, however, take into account such considerations and factors as in -migration, population shifts, future economic and social conditions, influences exerted by regional economic growth and activity, or other outside factors beyond the control of the municipality. Another widely used method of forecasting, which is con.sidered a bit more reliable, consists of deriving an estimate of future popula- tion through successive steps from estimates of larger geographical areas. Because of the erratic and explosive growth of the Fort Worth - Dallas metropolitan region, as opposed to that of the State of Texas, the Southwest and the United States, estimates by this method would not be reasonable for Euless and other municipalities situated in the mid -Fort Worth - Dallas region. TABLE 4 COMPARATIVE POPULATION AND STATE AND COUNTY RANKING OF TARRANT COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES, 1950 - 1960 1950 1960 1950 1960 1950 1960 Pop. % State State County County Municipality Census Census Change Change Rank Rank Rank Rank Fort Worth 278,778 356, 268 +77, 490 + 27. 8% 4 4 1 1 Arlington 7,692 44,775 +37, 083 +482. 1 92 24 3 1 Azle 2,969 278 15 Bedford 2,706 295 17 Benbrook 617 3,254 + 2, 637 +427. 4 558 258 13 13 Colleyville 1,491 426 19 Crowley 583 654 25 Dalworthington Gardens 267 430 + 163 + 61.0 687 704 17 26 Edgecliff 339 752 27 *(2, 062) EULESS 300 t' 4, 236 + 3,936 +1, 312. 0 **Zl l **9 Everman 451 1, 076 + 625 +138. 6 625 512 16 21 Forest Hill 1,519 3, 221 + 1,702 +112. 0 362 259 9 14 Grapevine 1,824 2, 821 + 997 + 54.7 320 283 7 16 Haltom City 5,760 23, 133 +17, 373 +301. 6 133 46 5 3 Hurst 200 10,165 + 9,965 +4, 983. 0 100 5 Keller 827 576 24 Kennedale 1,046 1, 521 + 475 + 45.4 451 418 10 18 Lake Worth Village 2,351 3,833 + 1,482 + 63. 0 266 223 6 11 Mansfield 964 1, 375 + 411 + 42.6 465 438 11 20 North Richland Hills 8,662 118 6 Pantego 646 238 - 408 - 63.2 549 798 12 29 Richland Hills 7,804 126 8 River Oaks 7,097 8,444 + 1,347 + 19.0 105 122 4 7 Saginaw 561 1, 001 + 440 + 78.4 583 533 14 23 Sansom Park Village 1,611 4,175 + 2, 564 +159. 2 350 212 8 10 Southlake 13 023 524 22 Westover Hills 266 307 + 41 + 15.4 688 772 18 28 Westlake 112 835 30 Westworth 529 3,321 + 2, 792 +546. 7 598 253 15 12 White Settlement 10, 827 1 1, 513 + 686 + 6. 3 65 89 2 4 Census Bureau First Preliminary Count Census Bureau Revised Preliminary Count Source: ''Comparative Population of Texas Municipalities - 1959, 1960''; Texas Town & City; Texas Municipal League; February, 1961. 26 A third method of forecasting is the development of a future popu- lation curve for Euless similar to the population curves of the other Fort Worth - Dallas region municipalities whose populations, at one time, were about the same as Euless' is at present. Since most of the municipalities in the area have experienced spectacular growth patterns at one time or another during their lifetime, such a method does not seem appropriate to apply to Euless. It has been decided by the consultants that the best, logical approach to forecasting the future population for Euless is to employ a combination of straight-line methods based upon past growth rates and an average -per -year increase rate, due to consideration being given to the geography of the Euless area, the availability of raw land area into which Euless might expand and the economic potentials of the region. Plate 2 depicts the growth curves of the larger geographical areas, the United States, Texas, Tarrant County and Euless. The curve for the Tarrant County future population growth has as its source the Freese and Nichols, consulting engineers, curve as contained in their Fort Worth Water Supply Study, 1956. The curves of the United States and Texas were derived from the Bureau of Business R esearch of the University of Texas. The population projection curve for Euless was derived from Plate 3, which is discussed below. Plate 3 indicates the projected population curve for Euless. It is based upon the following assumptions and with the various considerations outlined in the introductory paragraphs above. The solid line at the beginning of the curve between 1950 and 1959 represents the historical growth of Euless. In 1959, it was estimated that Euless had a population of 3, 780. In 1960, the Federal Census (corrected figure) lists the population at 4, 236. A census by the City of Euless showed the population to be 5, 492 persons as of August 1, 1961. The future curve has been projected from 1961 to 1965 at a rate of in- crease of 1, 800 persons per year for an increase of 131% in the next four years. It is felt that after 1965 the territory into which Hurst is expect- ed to expand will begin to reach absorption to the extent that more new growth will shift to Euless which has more potential area for expansion than does Hurst. The Euless increase between the years 1965 to 1970 is predicted at the rate of 2, 500 persons per year, or an increase of 12, 600 persons for a plus of 99% to 1970. Beyond 1970, an increase rate of 2, 000 persons per year is predicted, Euless to reach an ulti- mate population in 1985 or 55, 280 persons for an increase between 1970 and 1985 of 11916. Sometime during that fifteen -year period, it is expected that the Hurst planning area will have been completely absorbed with urban development and that the greater potential planning area of Euless will feel the impact of a faster and more concentrated urban development. 75000 65 000 60 000 55 000 50 000 45 000 35 000 30 000 20 000 WlroT.z.0 IrexoTomol G ... 0 0 0) A 55 300 YEAR POPULATION 1950 250 1953 250 1955 1000 1957 I500 1959 3780 EST. 1960 4236 1961 5492 I I �T 25300 v 12 700 to 0 � 0 0) 92 � ODD 000 00i 00i 0 0) 0) 0) 01 0) 01 0 •t � CALDWELL AND CALDWELL P L A N N E R S HOUS TON -TYL ER WISENBAKER FIX AND ASSOC. CO NS U L T I NG ENGINEERS THE CO M PEESIV E CITY PLAN ULESS, TEXAS PLATE 3 28 It should be pointed out, however, that these rates of projected increase could very well be exceeded if a. more accelerated rate of industrialization of the mid. -Fort Worth - Dallas area. takes place than is now anticipated. Even though such rates of increase were to be exceeded, the obvious effects upon the Euless Community would not be c detrimental since there is ample land area to the northeast in which to expand. The only serious implication of faster rates of growth would be the timing of the supply of public improvements and services which, of course, would have to be stepped up. How well. Euless can accommo- date future growth will. depend upon policies of the City government as to the establishment of a sound program of financing based upon a good tax base and revenue from all. possible sources, enabling the City to provide the thoroughfares, parks and other public facilities that will. be required to service these additional people and the physical urban development that they will generate, POPULATION PLANNING Before the universal practice of urban planning, American muni- cipalities gave little thought to controlling the character and direction of urban growth. For the most part, urban communities grew rather haphazardly, the urban development being determined more or less by topography; natural and man-made barriers such as highways, rail- roads and water areas; the uncontrolled development of commercial and industrial centers and the activities of real estate developers to suit their own interests without regard to the general. welfare of the community as a whole. Euless is in an excellent position to benefit from proper population planning so that its land uses in the future may be established according to the community's population needs. It will. be possible to determine more desirable locations and size of future commercial centers and the general locations for residential areas along with such necessities of a public nature as major thoroughfares and highways, parks, schools and public buildings. Through sound planning and recognition of the proper relationship of improvements to future land uses, all uses can be directed to a balanced, integrated and efficient urban pattern. There are three principles which should be applied in planning population distribution and density. These are as follows. M 1. Population should be arranged in a relatively even pattern around a common center, usually a central. business district, to facilitate convenience in movement, to allow for the economic provision of utilities and services, and to provide continuity, alignment and capacity design of arterial. streets. 2. Residential development should be encouraged to be con- tinuous and as compact as possible to obtain this desired pattern, there- by avoiding large vacant land tracts and partially developed subdivisions. 3. Density of population should be controlled by encouraging the platting of large enough residential. lots to permit plenty of light, air and living space for residents. High density of population results from building residencies and apartments on small lots which, of course, means overcrowding and ultimate blighting of high density neighborhoods. It is conceded that in Euless it is relatively impossible to attain the ideal pattern of urban development because there is no concentrated central business district. The presence of State Highway 183 traversing the community from east to west will virtually wind up in ribbon develop- ment of commercial. uses along each side of the highway, thus causing the residential areas to develop to both sides of this highway. Other than the present residential development to the south of the highway, the great majority of the desirable land area in which residential construction can take place is to the northeast of the highway for a considerable distance. There is little likelihood that a concentrated central. business district will develop in Euless because the demand for such a district will be precluded due to the previously mentioned convenient accessibility of the Euless Community to the larger commercial centers in Fort Worth, Dallas, Arlington, Irving and Hurst. Commercial development will probably be in the form of neighborhood shopping centers which should be at convenient locations throughout the residential areas to the north of the east• -west State Highway 183, part of which will soon become an expressway type facility. POPULATION DENSITY The setting up of desirable densities of population in the residential community is, of course, one of the prime principles of urban planning. In projecting the most desirable densities for future development, it is important to examine the present densities and thus properly relate future desirable densities to the character of the city and to the living habits of its citizens. 30 Present Density PIa.te 4 shows the population densities found in the developed area of Euless, excluding all other incorporated communities, as of 1961, by survey areas. The heaviest concentrations of population were found in Survey_ Areas 2, 3 and 9. By far the heaviest density of population, 12. 28 persons per acre and 3. 32 dwelling units per acre, was found in Area 2. Areas 3 and 9 had .98 and 1. 15 dwelling units per acre and 3.65 and 4. 27 persons per acre respectively. None of these densities is considered at all heavy. The acreage, number of dwelling units, present estimated population and densities in each survey area are tabulated in Table .5. In computing these densities, the entire Euless planning area was divided into 28 Survey Areas. These are listed in Column 1 of the table. In Column 2 the gross acreage of each area is shown with the total acreage in the planning area amounting to 10, 146 acres. Column 3 indicates the total dwel.ling units in each of the survey areas, the tabu- lation indicating that there were 1, 305 dwelling units. The estimated total, population for each of the survey areas is tabulated in Column 4 which shows a total of 4, 829 persons in the planning area. Column 5 indicates the dwelling units per acre in each of the survey areas. Persons per acre by survey areas is shown in Column 6. Reviewing the table, it can be seen that by far the greatest popu- lation exists in Area 2, there being, at the time of the preparation of the City .Plan, 1, 487 persons residing on 121 acres in 402 dwelling units for an average of 3. 32 dwelling units per acre, or a density of 12. 28 persons per acre. The next highest density is in Area 3 in which there is an estimated 169 acres with 167 dwelling units, 618 persons and 0. 98 dwelling units per acre for a density of. 3. 65 persons per acre. The third highest density is in Area 9 whi.ch contains 173 acres, 200 dwelling units with an estimated popul.ation of 740 and 1. 15 dwelling units per acre for a density of 4. 27 persons per acre. The fourth heaviest density found in the present .Eul.ess developed area is in Area 7 in which there are 173 acres, 111 dwelling units and a total population of 411 which figures to be 0. 64 dwelling units per acre or a density of 2..37 persons per acre. Other survey areas containing population in 1960 were Areas 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, and 22. All these areas had very sparse population ranging from densities of 2. 06 persons per acre in Area 6 downward to the lowest of 0. 04 persons per acre in Area 22. DWELLING UNITS PERSONS PER ACRE PER ACRE LESS THAN 1 Q LESS THAN 3.7 1 2 I 3.7 7.4 2 3 ® 7.4 11.1 MORE THAN 3 ® MORE THAN 11.1 N 0�� o I000' :000' CALDWELL AND CALDWELL P L A N N E R S H 0 U S T 0 N T Y L E R WISINBAKER, FIX AND ASSOC C 0 N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E R S THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN POPULATION DENSITY - 1960 EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 4 32 TABLE 5 PRESENT POPULATION DENSITIES BY SURVEY AREAS Area Total Estimated Dwelling Survey in Dwelling Total Units Persons Area Acres Units Population Per Acre Per Acre 1 389 77 286 0.19 0.73 2 121 402 1,487 3..32 12.28 3 169 167 618 0.98 3.65 4 176 18 67 0.10 0.38 5 164 86 318 0.52 1.93 6 143 80 296 0.56 2.06 7 173 111 411 0.64 2.37 8 129 79 292 0.61 2.26 9 173 200 740 1. 15 4.27 10 96 9 33 0.93 0.34 11 151 58 215 0.38 1.42 12 118 - - - - 13 355 - - - - 14 558 9 33 0.16 0.06 15 176 - - - - 16 45.5 - - - - 17 283 - - - - 18 503 - - - - 19 553 - - - - 20 661 - - - - 21 691 - - - - 22 760 9 33 0.01 0.04 23 632 - - - - 24 658 - - - - 2.5 689 - - - - 26 .525 - - - - 27 335 - - - - 2 8 310 - - - - Totals 10, 146 1, 305 4,829 ' D Source: Land Use Survey by Consultants. Dwelling units, estimated population and densities are shown for urbanized areas only and do not consider sparse scattered rural units or population. Densities are calculated on basis of gross acreage. 33 Future Density Table 6 indicates the present and projected population densities by survey areas to 1985 in both dwelling units per acre and total popu- lation for each survey area. Plate .5 shows by survey areas the densities in dwelling units and persons per acre to the year 1985. Survey Area. 2 will remain the highest density survey area in 1985 with a density of 3. 30 dwelling units per acre and should contain a population of 1, 400 persons in 1985. The second highest density area is expected to continue to be Area 9 with 3, 14 dwelling units per acre and a population of 1, 900 in 1985. The third highest density area will be Survey Area 10 with a density of 3. 04 dwelling units per acre and a population of. 1, 020. Other residential survey areas range in lower densities, gradually reducing, as they normally should, around the fringes of the planning area, with the lighter densities indicated in Survey Areas 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25 and 26. Survey Areas 11, 12 and 28 are projected as industrial areas, therefore, they are not expected to contain any appreciable residential population by 1985 provided proper zoning regulations are directed to- ward prohibition of residences in industrial zones, which regulations are recognized, modern over which serve and protect industrial areas for maximum desirable development. In summation, it can be ascertained by comparison of Plates .5 and 7 and Tables 5 and 6, that Euless' 10, 146 acres future planning area can very readily contain the 1985 projected population of 55, 320 at moderate average overall densities of .5.45 persons per gross acre and 1. 56 dwelling units per gross acre. The net result will be a com- munity having residences with liberal yards, streets, and open areas for plentiful light and air. 34 TABLE 6 PRESENT AND PROJECTED POPULATION DENS.I.TIES Survey Dwelling Units Area Per Acre Population 1960 1985 1960 1985 1 0. 19 2.56 286 3, 480 2 3. 32 3. 30 1, 487 1, 400 3 0. 98 2.87 618 1, 700 4 0. 10 2.73 67 1, 680 5 0.52 2.72 318 1,560 6 0.56 2.16 296 1, 080 7 0. 64 2.48 411 1, 500 8 0. 67 2.10 292 950 9 1. 15 3.14 740 1, 900 10 0. 09 3.04 33 1, 020 11 0. 38 Industrial 215 Industrial 12 - Industrial - Industrial 13 - 2.09 - 2,600 14 0. 16 2. 03 33 3, 960 15 - 2.89 0 1, 780 16 - 2.11 - 3,360 17 - 1. 00 - 990 18 - 1.00 - 1,760 19 - 0. 98 - 1, 900 20 - 0. 99 - 2, 300 21 - 1.28 - 3, 100 22 0. 01 2.00 .33 5, 320 23 - 1.24 - 2., 760 24 - 1.00 - 2, 300 25 - 0.99 - 2, 400 26 - 0.98 - 1, 800 27 - 2.20 - 2,600 28 - Industrial - Industrial Totals 4,829 55,320 Source: Estimated by Consultants from Land Use Survey. DWELLING UNITS PERSONS PEA ACRE PER ACRE LESS THAN i LESS THAN 3.7 1 2 3.7 7.4 2 3 ® 7.4 11.1 MORE THAN 3 ® MORE THAN 11.1 WISENBAKER, FIX AND ASSOC C 0 N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E R S THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN POPULATION DENSITY - 1985 EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 5 36 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION The distribution of population throughout the planning area coin- cides with the densities which are present today and as projected in 1985. Present Distribution The 1960 distribution of population in Euless is shown on Plate 6. This is shown by dots, each dot representing 20 persons. The distri- bution was determined from the estimated population of 4, 829 in the overall planning area as shown on Table 5 at the close of 1959. The population was estimated from data gathered in the land use survey made by the consultants in which the number of dwelling units was counted and corrected to the 1960 total. This figures out to be about 3.5 persons per dwelling unit, a satisfactory average for the Euless area which compares favorably with that of Hurst and Arlington, both of which were previously surveyed and city plans were prepared by the planning consultant. A review of Plate 6 reveals that the heaviest concentration of pop- ulation in the Euless area is within the recently platted subdivisions and is very well scattered. The heaviest population distribution, of course, is in the large subdivision just to the south of the old Dallas - Harwood Road and immediately adjacent to the Euless - Grapevine Road, or the north extension of Main Street. The remainder of the population is sparsely scattered and contained in various small subdivisions to the south of State Highway 183, with a few dispersed residential units north of State Highway 183. Future Distribution Plate 7 shows the future distribution of population to 1985 through- out the potential Euless planning area. As on Plate 6, each dot repre- sents 20 persons. The shaded areas will contain no population; these areas are school and park lands, projected commercial districts, industrial areas, and projected airport expansion. �ARIIIIOIM ROAD CHEEK S.OARGER RDA z \ / . I O Wff 2 , y, cc I O L-______-__� WI 9 \ _ AREENGLA� ROAD _ , 1 (OLDc DAL"S H RWO DI ROAD I — L i - }E.,.. 6/Iy �ILimlls Q r— FnFORD-E LESS { - - TT I (sue._ \ �,� - � �11 ---- � I of pp i I RQAD 'i ••� • r i u r-----^-� STATE- HWY. 183rr _n, -� i z `\ l I ` • � • , �'1 2 __ i • • • • ' O 'CARTERAMON I \ �� 1 ••. Eittt c i + �\ FIELD I r m•• HE ROAD PIPE I C� PE D �,-r-- IITEE R _ I f �I NORTH CALDWELL AND CALDWELL P L A N N E R S HOUSTO H TYLER WISENBAKER, FIX AND ASSOC C 0 N S U L T I N G E H G I N E E R S EACH DOT REPRESENTS 20 PERSONS THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN NON POPULATED AREAS POPULATION DISTRIBUTION - 1960 EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 6 EACH DOT REPRESENTS 20 PERSONS EEI NON POPULATED AREAS C 0 N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E N 5 THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION - 1985 EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 7 39 The distribution of population is based on an average lot size of 70' by 1201, the prevalent lot size in the Euless - Hurst area. This rate of distribution will produce an acceptable moderate density for modern residential, neighborhoods as characterized by those presently in the Euless area. Plate 7 indicates that all. the present vacant areas appearing on Plate 6 will be ultimately filled up and that the distribution of popula- tion as shown will accommodate all of the 1985 projected population of approximately 55, 000 people as was shown on Plate 3. Generally, the greatest expansion of the Euless area will be to the north and east with some to the far southwest between Pipe Line Road and State Highway 183, but with the major expansion north of State Highway 183. It is not contemplated that any of the present residential areas in Euless will decrease in population to any appreciable extent. This is because of the apparent absence of influences which might cause blight or a change of land use in any of the present areas. Also of consideration is the fact that most residential construction in the Euless area is new and has a life expectancy of at 20 years or more. It is possible that some of the presently developed areas will increase to greater densities than have been projected on Plates 4 and 5. This will simply mean, however, that the future estimated population in 1985 of 55, 000 might be contained in considerably less area, perhaps, than is shown on Plate 7. Lard Use M LAND USE The land use element of planning is perhaps the most important of all elements in a long-range urban planning program for any city because the future land use pattern represents the framework upon which all of the various community facilities will. be designed and provided. The intent and purpose of land use planning is to consolidate and bring together those land uses which are compatible with each other and to separate those which are not. The objective of land use planning is the promotion and advancement of the most appropriate utilization of the land upon which the future city will be developed. Proper classification of urban uses is the basis of land use planning. Land use planning also has a very significant legal position in that it is the very foundation upon which a comprehensive zoning ordinance may be formulated and imple- mented to control land use requirements of urban communities. The State of Texas enabling legislation permitting planning and zoning practices in municipalities very clearly implies that for a community to exercise its planning and zoning powers it must give "reasonable consideration to the character of each district and its particular uses". The development of an efficient land use plan, protected by the imple- mentation and administration of land use controls such as zoning and land subdivision regulations, represents the only means by which physical development may take place to insure an orderly, efficient and desirable urban community. Land Use Survey Requisite to land use planning is an inventory of the present land uses within the Euless area including both the developed area and the area into which the ultimate City will develop. The compilation of such an inventory, together with an analysis of the same, is one of the pri- mary instruments of plan presentation, implementation and adminis- tration. Intelligent planning of major arterial. throughfares, parks, schools, public buildings, utilities and other desirable physical features that are necessary for urban living is dependent upon a knowledge of the character and extent of the existing and proposed land uses. In 1959, at the beginning of planning operations, the consultants made a survey of the Euless area., lot by lot, to determine the usage that is being made of the land in the developed area and throughout the potential planning area. This primary survey was supplemented by another survey conducted in 1960 to determine the additional develop- ment that had taken place in the rapid expansion of the Euless Community. Each and every parcel of land in Euless was visited to determine and record the specific use being made of it. 41 The land use data obtained in the field was recorded on a lot and block map of the City in color symbols, each color representing such separate land use classifications as single-family residential.-,, commercial; light and heavy industrial.-, public and semi. -public uses su.ch as schools, parks, churches and public buildings`, railroads; highways; streets and vacant land areas. Plate 8 shows, by appropriate symbols listed in the lower left-hand corner legend, the present ]and use in Euless as transferred from the colored work map. Pattern of Uses Examination of Plate 8 reveals that the general pattern of land usage in Euless is a patchwork of principally residential, development that has occurred in platted subdivisions which are, in many cases, separated from each other by tracts of vacant. land. A scattering of commercial. usage is noted along State Highway 183. Immediately apparent is the fact that there is no concentrated central business dis- trict as found in municipalities of Euless' size, this being the result, as was previously pointed out, of the presence of many surrounding municipalities which are larger and have greater concentrations of commercial development. Table 7 lists, by survey areas, the existing land uses in Euless, in acres, as of 1960. The major classifications of land usage consist of residential, commercial; schools, parks and public and semi-public buildings such as churches and municipal buildings; industrial; streets; vacant land; platted but undeveloped land and the total acreage in the developed area. Actual. urban development exists i.n Survey Areas 1 through 11 and, in addition, Survey Areas 13, 14, and 22. The table shows the total. acreage of each use in each area with the totals in each category. Streets, county roads and highways occupy 458 acres; 479 acres are vacant land areas, that is, areas that have been subdivided but are yet undeveloped. Residential usage comprises 23.5 acres, considerably out of proportion to that. of streets. Usually these uses average about the same. The wide difference can be attributed to the wide and long ri.ght-of-way of State Highway 183 and the various county roads in the City area. Com- mercial development occupi.es only 15 acres, whi..le schools take up 51 acres, parks 20 acres, public and semi-publ.i.c uses 8 acres and indus- trial land about one acre. Very little relationship of one use to another exists because the City has been developed principally in isolated resi- dential. subdivisions. The most desi.ra.ble pattern of urban development is a concentrated one, decreasing in density outward in an even pattern from a centralized core, RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL ® INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC P PARKS S SCHOOL n N O R T H o laoo' t000' CALDWELL AND CALDWELL P L A 11 N E R S 11 0 U S T 0 N T Y L E R WISENBAKER, FIX AND ASSOC C 0 H S U L T I H G E H G I N E E R S THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN PRESENT LAND USE EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 8 TABLE 7 EXISTING LAND USE (IN ACRES) 1960, BY STUDY AREAS ' Public, Streets Survey Resi- Commer- Semi- Indus- and Area dential cial Schools Parks Public trial Roads 1 6. 0 23.4 2 87.4 31.0 3 35. 3 4.6 20. 1 1.6 16.4 4 4.2 2.3 0. 6 2. 6 6.4 5 8.5 1.3 0. 3 29.5 6 15.0 1.7 0.2 0.5 15.5 7 14.1 1.8 1.5 0.2 24. 0 8 8.5 2.5 2.0 7. 9 9 35.4 0.7 1.3 38. 0 10 2.3 3.8 1. 9 11 14.5 20.4 12 13. 8 13 35. 6 19. 7 14 2.2 17. 8 15 0. 6 16 6. 0 17 8.2 18 23. 6 19 24.4 20 21. 3 21 15. 0 22 2. 2 10. 0 20. 9 23 14.2 24 9. 7 25 11.6 26 11. 3 27 4. 1 28 21.7 Totals 235.6 14.9 51.5 20. 1 7.9 0.8 458.3 Source: Estimated by Consultants. Note: Vacant land is land subdivided but not built upon. Undeveloped land is raw land. Unde- Vacant veloped Total 46. 0 313.6 389 2. 6 121 1.4 89.6 169 159. 9 176 16. 5 107. 9 164 40.5 69. 6 143 72. 3 59. 1 173 31.5 76. 6 129 79. 5 18. 1 173 88.0 96 3. 9 112. 2 151 7. 9 96. 3 118 299.7 355 76. 1 461.9 558 175.4 176 449.0 455 274. 8 283 479.4 503 528. 6 553 639.7 661 676. 0 691 101.2 625.7 760 617.8 632 648.3 658 677.4 689 513.7 525 330. 9 335 288.3 310 47 9. 4 8, 877.5 10, 146 FUTURE LAND USE REQUIREMENTS Relationship of Population to Land Use In any urban community, there is a. close and definite relationship between the amount of land used for various purposes and the population. It is, of course, obvious that as a city grows in population it will have more dwelling units and will require more land for residential purposes. Similarly, as a. city grows there will. be required more commercial, park and school lands and industrial development as well. as land areas for other categories of uses, such as streets and highways and utility rights -of -way. The relationship is normally expressed in the number of acres of land for each categorical. use for every 100 persons expected to reside in the community. The relationship of land use and population that has been discussed in the preceding chapters will come into use in this section of the Euless City Plan in determining the requirements for future land allocations. Through use of these relationships, along with other factors revealed in the economic base and characteristics study of Euless and the area and region in which it is situated, it is possible to make a rational determi- nation of the future land areas that will be needed to serve adequately the projected 55, 000 persons expected to live in .Euless by 1985. The results of these forecasts are shown first by Table 8 which lists, by survey areas, the necessary allocations of land acreage for residential, commercial, schools, parks, public and semi-public uses, industrial uses and streets. Then, in Table 9, the present and estimated future land use areas and ratios to the population are indicated. This latter table also indicates the amount of vacant land that will be utilized for the various urban purposes. Residential Most of the present land area occupied by residential use in Euless is of the single-family nature, there being no recorded two-family or multi-£ami.ly residential construction. The existing density of single-- family residential usage in Euless is 4. 88 acres per 100 persons. It is expected that in the future this density will approximate 11. 20 acres per 100 persons, indicating that 2, 563 acres of land now vacant within the developed area will be utilized and an additional estimated acreage of 3, 387 will be needed for single-family construction to house the 5.5, 000 inhabitants expected by 1985. TABLE 8 FUTURE LAND USE (IN ACRES) BY SURVEY AREA Public, Survey Resi- Commer- Semi- Indus - Area dential cial Schools Parks Public trial. 1 268 10 8 2 87 1 2 3 84 12 22 4 4 97 26 1 6 5 86 32 3 6 73 26 2 1 7 97 26 2 3 8 42 41 9 3 9 121 2 5 10 65 4 2 11 - 12 13 223 46 14 362 20 10 15 117 10 16 295 13 10 17 169 15 10 18 344 5 10 19 376 10 10 20 397 20 10 21 463 i 15 10 22 517 10 10 23 421 20 10 24 439 20 10 25 462 20 10 26 348 10 10 27 241 28 Totals 6, 194 364 182 Source: Estimated by Consultants. Note: Areas rounded to the nearest whole acre. 128 100 6 10 11 3 10 9 10 F 10 10 10 11 50 12 10 13 10 15 10 12 10 13 10 13 10 10 7 267 182 188 496 Streets Total 103 389 31 121 47 169 46 176 43 164 41 143 45 173 34 129 45 173 25 96 23 151 18 118 80 355 145 558 46 176 118 455 74 283 124 503 136 553 172 661 180 691 198 760 159 632 166 658 174 689 137 525 87 335 43 310 2,540 10, 146 TABLE 9 PRESENT AND ESTIMATED FUTURE LAND USE AREAS AND RATIOS TO POPULATION Est. Existing Future Esti- Existing Density Density mated Use Category Devel- Acres Acres Acres oped /100 /100 Needed Area Persons Persons in Future Single Family Residential 235.6 4.88 11.20 6, 194 Commercial 14.9 0.29 0. 66 364 Schools 51.5 1.06 0. 33 182 Parks and Playgrounds 20. 1 0.39 0. 33 182 Public and Semi -Public 7. 9 0.014 0.34 188 Industrial 0.8 0. 001 0. 90 496 Streets 458.3 9.49 4.59 2,540 Totals 789. 1 16. 34 18. 34 10, 146 Present Population, Euless Area --- 4, 829 Estimated by Consultants (1960 Census 4, 236) Projected Population, Euless Area --- 55, 320. Future Minimum Density Future Acres Land /100 Area Persons Acres 5. 00 2, 766 0.20 ill 0. 33 182 0. 33 182 0.34 188 0.90 496 3. 30 1, 825 10.40 5, 753 EN It is expected that new residences will continue to be of the single-family type and will be constructed in well -planned subdivisions in much the same manner as those that have been developed in the past few years of Euless' growth. A density of 5 acres per 100 persons is sufficient so the 2, 766 acres would be sufficient for this use in place of the 6, 194 acres expected to be used. Residential, Two -Family Although not listed in the table, there will. probably be a limited amount of two-family residential areas required by 1985. It is not contemplated that there would be more than a density of 0. 03 acres per 100 persons needed, which would mean that probably not more than 16 or 17 acres total would be required for this type development. The modern trend of demand for rental dwelling units is now toward efficiency apartments in ''garden apartment'' groups or group housing units rather than two-family units (duplexes). It is possible that this usage should be located along the back sides of the commercial districts to each side of State Highway 183 and other commercial areas to form a transition between the commercial uses and the single-family dwelling uses. Residential, Multi -Family This category of land usage is not found in Euless as of the pub- lication of this City Plan report. The demand for such uses may arise in Euless between now and 1985 and a probable density of 0. 12 acres per 100 persons would be appropriate. This would call for a total acreage of something like 66 acres of land needed for this uage by 1985. This type of usage probably would be in the form of garden apartments or multi -family medium density units or group housing. Such districts would also be located along the edges of commercial districts as a proper transition between commercial uses and two-family or single-family uses. Commercial The existing 14. 9 acres of commercial usage in Euless is quite small, representing a density of 0. 29 acres per 100 persons. The estimated future density is expected to be 0. 66 acres per 100 persons. M An estimated 364 acres will be used for commercial. purposes in the future. The expected major expansion of commercial usage should be guided to dispersed locations and development should be in the form of neighborhood shopping centers. Only 0.20 acres per 100 persons or 111 is necessary for this use. Parks and Recreational Areas Euless will need considerably more land for park and recrea- tional purposes to bring park areas anywhere near an acceptable standard. The desirable standard is one acre of park land per each 100 persons in an urban community. It is not contemplated, however, that Euless could possibly reach this desirable maximum. There are presently 20. 1 acres of park lands at a density of 0. 39. In the future it is contemplated that 0. 33 would be an appropriate ratio per 100 persons which would require 182 acres of future park area. Public and Semi -Public Areas Euless now has 7.9 acres of land area in public and semi-public uses other than for schools and parks, such as the City Hall, fire station, and churches. This is a density of 0. 014 acres per 100 persons. The future needs for such uses are estimated to be 0. 34 acres per 100 persons or a total of 188 acres. Also a total of 409 acres, or 0. 74 acres per 100 persons, will be required for the extention of Amon Carter Field. The total public and semi-public land use will be 1. 08 acres per 100 persons. Streets Euless presently has 458. 3 acres in roads, streets, and high- ways, or a density of 9. 49 acres per 100 persons. It is felt that the future density devoted to streets and highways will not be nearly so much and would be 4.59 acres per 100 persons requiring an estimated land area of 2, 540 acres. Most of this acreage will be in residential streets and major thoroughfares. Future expressway development could materially increase this acreage requirement. A normal density is 3. 3 acres per 100 persons and would require only 1, 825 acres. Industrial The forecast for industrial properties is shown in Table 8 to be 496 acres or a density of 0. 90. This is perhaps the most fluid of all land uses in any municipality. It is questionable at this time as to whether any large land area in the Euless community will be devoted to industry because of the great quantity of land area that exists between State Highway 183 - Pipe Line Road and C. R. I. & P. Railroad, which area is beyond the limits of Euless and under first reading of annexa- tion by the City of Fort Worth. It is very difficult to determine the amount of industrial land that actually should be allocated in any municipality, because the influx of one or two large industries that, under current conditions, could require very large tracts of land would conceivably upset any estimated acreage allocation. Again, it is stated that the planning consultants expect that future Euless development will be, as it has been in the past, principally residential in nature with such public land areas as have been previously described. However, a future density of 0. 90 acres per 100 persons is projected on Table 8 in- dicating an acreage requirement of 496 thus providing Euless with in- dustrial sites for light industry. FUTURE LAND USE PLAN The Future Land Use Plan for Euless is the foundation of all the other planning elements which will follow in the Comprehensive City Plan because it is the framework and guide for development that will take place over the future years. All, community service facilities of a public nature will be designed to serve these future land uses. The Future Land Use Plan recognizes the present land usage and projects the future land areas that will be required to support the anticipated population in 1985 or 55, 000 persons. The Plan is shown on Plate 9. The Future Land Use Plan has been projected upon land area re- quirements and calculations as set out in the preceding section of this chapter on land use, particularly in Tables 8 and 9. It may be seen that the great majority of the land area in the future planning area of Euless is to be single-family residential. The central commercial area will be, as the pattern has been set, along both sides of. State Highway 183 be- tween F. M. Highway 157 and projecting eastward from Main Street with some additions to cover present usage elsewhere. B�DFORD c C RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL ® INDUSTRIAL f PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC P PARK S SCHOOL MA10R THOROUGHFARES NORTH o Iaoo• a000' CALOWELL AND CALDWELL P L A N N E R S 11 0 U S T O N T Y L E R WISENBAKER, FIX AND ASSOC C 0 N S U L T I H G E N G I N E E R S THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN FUTURE EULESS, TEXAS PLATE r r � r z z 0 0 �D C1 U 51 The present commercial uses along each side of State Highway 183 are recognized and, although strip or ribbon type commercial develop- ment is not desirable for several reasons, these uses must be considered and the area as shown on the Future Land Use Plan will likely become commercialized. The reasons for the undesirability of ribbon type commercial development are: I. Heavy traffic flow along the major thoroughfares upon which commercial uses front is difficult to control because of the many turning movements required for ingress and egress. This, however, can be alleviated in Euless' case by establishing service roads parallel- ing the major traffic lanes of State Highway 183, as has been done through the Hurst area. 2. Such an arrangement is not conducive to adequate off-- street parking facilities. 3. It is a recognized and established fact that "strung out" retail business establishments are less attractive and do not invite the volume of trade as do closely grouped businesses surrounded by adequate off-street parking facilities such as are found in the larger modern shopping centers. Strip commercial development along all major thoroughfares and highways should be discouraged in the future and the Future Land Use Plan, as projected, attempts to eliminate this practice. The question always arises as to the impractibility of developing residential areas adjacent to major thoroughfares, prompting the concept that such frontage is only good for commercial or industrial usage. There are, actually, many ways in which suitable residential areas may be developed adjacent to major traffic arteries. Some of these are shown on the typical neigh- borhood sketch which is included in a later chapter of this report relating to the functions of the -, ari ous types of street in the City street system. Outlying commercial areas are shown principally at the intersections of the proposed major thoroughfares. These commercial districts would be of the neighborhood shopping center type and would actually be designed by the developers. However, it is proposed that they would be held to these particular locations which are approximately one mile apart. Such an arrangement follows the neighborhood concept which is later explained and exhibited on a typical sketch. Shapes and sizes of site areas for commercial shopping centers, as well as for parks and schools, are relative and will be dependent upon future development proposals by the land subdividers and the various public agencies that will have the re- sponsibility of providing such .facilities. 52 The major thoroughfares and highways shown on this Plan are coordinated with the Major Thoroughfare and Highway Plan which is to follow in a subsequent chapter of this City Plan report. Only the major thoroughfares and major highways are shown and the .Future Land Use Plan does not indicate the collector streets which will be discussed in the appropriate chapter. The purpose of delineating the major thorough- fares on the Future Land Use Plan is to indicate the ideal neighborhood concept. These neighborhoods are approximately one mile square in area which is a desirable standard and, at densities of. 10 to 15 people per acre, each neighborhood would have a holding capacity of around 6, 500 to 10, 000 people or more. Each neighborhood should have as its relative center a combined neighborhood park -elementary school to serve as a community center in addition to serving its proper function as an educational and recreational facility. Through such an arrange- ment, young children need not be required to cross heavy traffic thoroughfares to reach their school and play area facilities. Walking distances of one-half to three-quarters of a mile are undesirable and hazardous. The majority of streets in each neighborhood will be minor residential service streets with occasional collector streets to pick up and feed traffic. from the area into the major thoroughfares along the perimeter of these ideal. neighborhoods. Industrial land use should be confined to Planning Survey Areas 11, 12 and 28 which land areas are to each side and adjacent to State Highway 183. Although the area south and between Pipe Line Road and the Railroad is not in the City of Euless, it is the most favorable loca- tion for industrial uses in the Euless - Hurst area. Euless will derive much benefit from any development in that area and the residential usage in other areas of Euless proper would house the workers who would be employed in industrial establishments located in this pros- pective area.. The overall concept of the Future Land Use Plan for .Euless, insofar as possible, consolidates all, categories of land uses into orderly groups without forming areas of inappropriate land uses any- where to the extent that they would be objectionable to adjacent uses. This Plan, it is believed, should assure a. desirable and efficient urban development that can be promoted over the future years under positive and concerted .land use controls by the City Planning Com- mission under the governing powers of the Municipal Government. This can be done through adequate zoning and land subdivision regu- lations. The City will find that, under appropriate regulations, the land developers will most likely be agreeable to cooperative objectives of development for the betterment of the community and for the pro- motion of good neighborhood environments - an attribute which will enhance the values of their particular developments. Major Thoroughfares And Highways 53 MAJOR THOROUGHFARES AND HIGHWAYS This chapter contains a study of the existing and proposed arrange- ment of traffic circulatory arteries in the Euless Community, The objectives of this study are to provide adequate vehicle access to all parts of Euless to permit -movement of the maximum number of vehicles while maintaining the important factors of economy and safety, to accomplish the development of a first-class major thoroughfare system to adequately serve both the present and future land uses of the Euless urban area, and to connect the City properly with the planned thorough- fares of neighboring Hurst and Arlington. The principles of thoroughfare planning and their effective use in solving the problems of automotive circulation are contained in explana- tory matter and in sketches exhibited as a part of this chapter. These may be used as a guide in administering the development of the thorough- fare system over the future years or in revising it to meet changing conditions which might occur throughout the future years of Euless urban area development, In order to determine the adaptability of present facilities to an acceptable and adequate thoroughfare plan, it was necessary to generally study the existing street and highway system of the area. Each street, highway and County road within the ultimate planning area was observed for its adequacy and possible utilization in the overall system. The final section of this chapter relates and explains the proposed major thoroughfare system recommended for Euless. Each proposed major and collector street is located and calculated to function properly in the overall plan and the routing and recommended improvements to each facility, as may be required to achieve the overall plan, are dis- cussed in detail. The thoroughfare plan, when used with the suggested typical, cross-section drawing which also is included, will graphically indicate the requirements for any road or street and its particular loca- tion within the Euless planning area, The recommendations contained in this chapter have been coordi- nated with other features of the Euless City Plan. The selection of each street and road in the circulatory system and the adaptation of related design standards has been influenced by population density, land use and development, the nature and composition of traffic, and the feasibility of construction and right-of-way procurement. Each street in the system will have a specific function to perform, and if it ultimately fulfills its intended function the objective of the planning effort will have been achieved. 54 REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ADEQUATE THOROUGHFARE SYSTEM A major thoroughfare system in any modern urban community can be very simply classified as a form of communication and represents the framework to which all physical development of the community is to be fitted. Streets and highways in today's automotive era represents the principal means of movement of people and goods. The streets and highways that comprise this system are the carriers in this circulatory system and are the structural members of the framework. The capacity and function of each street is determined by size, condition, routing and the land usage to be served. An adequate thoroughfare system consumes large quantities of urban land and requires great amounts of an area's income to construct and maintain. It must, therefore, be understood as being basically established to serve one purpose - movement of people and goods between all parts of, the developed community through, into and out of the urban area to other communities. The universal use of the automobile in today's urban community has resulted in traffic: -handling Is becoming one of the most critical and imposing problems with which the urban government must contend. All municipalities, regardless of size, are now experiencing the difficulty of accommodating automotive vehicular movement on facilities that were never designed to carry the present loads of traffic. Automotive move- ment also has serious implications on all forms of structural develop- ment in the urban community. People in urban communities now rely on transportation by private car for every purpose, even the shortest movements. A recent study in a major urban area indicated that 20% of all trips made by automobile were less than one mile in length. There are no present indications that such modes of short movements will diminish, rather, they can be expected to increase. It is readily apparent, then, that the problem of accommodating the ever increasing numbers of.' vehicles and integrating their use compatibly into an urban living environment is a major problem which ca.n be solved only through advance planning in its proper perspective. OBJECTIVES OF THOROUGHFARE PLANNING Since efficient and safe transportation of people and goods in, through and out of the City constitutes one of the most important elements in the growth of any urban community, prime consideration must be directed to- ward developing a system of major and secondary thoroughfares that will be properly integrated with the State and Federal highway systems so that efficient wide -area movement is assured. 55 This is particularly true in the instance of Euless because much of the movement is through the City and from the City over highways to con- nect with the major employment centers in the area. There are several mediums that should be exploited to the fullest extent possible in planning a thoroughfare system so as to achieve such an objective. These are as follows 1. Provision of direct, continuous routes for each trip from its place of origin to its destination; 2. Design of alignment, grades and surfacing to permit high-speed but safe functional. movement for each type of facility; 3. Adequate width and number of moving traffic lanes to prevent congestion and insure free traffic flow; 4. Provision of grade separations at major intersections where justified and minimization of cross traffic between these points, both to allow speed and to increase safety on major thoroughfares; 5. Design and location of residential streets which will discourage through traffic, eliminate speed and preserve the amenities of a desirable residential neighborhood. The composite of these objectives in the design of a major circu- latory system would produce the ideal arrangement. It will not be possible or feasible to accomplish all of these five major objectives in the design of the thoroughfare system for the Euless area. It will, therefore, be necessary to strike a feasible compromise between the optimum and the necessary. Such factors as existing development, availability of right-of-way for widening existing streets and roads, cost of construction and terrain features often will indicate traffic artery patterns. A thorough analysis of these and other factors in relation to the most desirable pattern must be made. To provide a straight-line route from each home to each place of work, shopping or entertainment is, of course, not feasible. However, by studying the land use patterns of the Euless area in relation to the desired lines of travel, a satisfactory practical system of circulatory thoroughfares can be achieved. The design of streets and highways is a highly developed art and science and the planner must bear in mind the basic factors of traffic generation and concentrated destination areas. The fifth objective outlined herein is the most essential in the concept of modern urban community development. Theoretically, the function of the residential street is the opposite to that of the thorough- fare. 56 Too often, street layouts in urban communities are based upon con- venience to the motorist with little consideration to other members of society or to the amenities of the residential areas of the community. The preservation of quiet, peaceful and desirable neighborhood environ- ment for wholesome urban living has developed the concept that residen- tial streets should be devoid of fast, through traffic., the heavier loads being routed over fewer streets of more functional design. This is being achieved by designing subdivisions with long, curvilinear block patterns, thus eliminating many cross streets, avoiding excessive pavement widths within the subdivisions and establishing a circulatory system using three basic types of. streets. These three types of streets are discussed in detail in the following paragraphs. TYPES OF STREETS The required circulatory system for any urban community is divided into three major classifications of streets. Any traffic carrier should function in one of these categories Major Thoroughfares Major thoroughfares include freeways, expressways and major through streets. The principal characteristics of these streets include relatively continuous straight alignment; two, and preferably four, divided moving traffic lanes; controlled access with all cross traffic handled by either grade separations, signals or other traffic control devices➢ restricted parallel parking; prohibited diagonal parking; and permanent pavement designed to withstand heavy traffic loads and con- centrated traffic flow. Collector Streets Collector streets are not usually as continuous in length, as straight in alignment, or as wide in pavement or right-of-way as major thoroughfares and highways and are located internally or are designed to connect two or more neighborhoods. 57 These streets serve to collect traffic from the neighborhoods and dis- tribute it to the major traffic arteries. Collector streets generally have two traffic lanes and, as a. rule, parallel parking is permitted at the curbs. Collector streets should be so planned as to prevent them from being utilized as major through streets. This can be accomplished by varying the alignment, limiting permissable speed and using traffic control. devices. Within a concentrated business district, streets not used. for through traffic should be similar in. design to collector streets. Residential Streets The general objectives of residential. street design were discussed in a previous paragraph. These streets serve as access ways from residences to collector streets. If subdivisions are developed with such a view, desirable and peaceful neighborhoods can be developed and main- tained. An ideal neighborhood unit concept, utilizing the street layout system according to proper street functions related here, is shown on Plate 10. The various elements of the neighborhood concept were dis - cussed earlier in this Plan under Land Use. This concept envisions no residences facing the major thoroughfares. Protective planting is shown on expressways or freeway type facilities to reduce noise from heavy traffic and to provide for the privacy of individual abutting residences. Consolidation of commercial land uses at the intersections of major thoroughfares eliminates high concentrations of traffic within neighbor- hoods, Collector streets intersect major streets at intermediate points, reducing major intersection congestion and crossing hazards. EXISTING STREET AND HIGHWAY LAYOUT In the first chapter of this City Plan. Report, in the discussion of the Euless growth history, it was pointed out that the village grew up alongside State Highway 183. Later development has seen the village expand toward the south and north along Main Street and its north exten- sion, Euless -Grapevine Road. Still later development has occurred along F. M. Highway 157, both to the south and to the north of State Highway 183. m f vk V. v % NI qs EN 000000•0 • • @see@* 6000 *so 0 PARK 0 essesee • 00 SCHOOL • • ....... ... • ........ ... ...................... . CHURCH.�,.-• ,:: ......... .... . .................... .... ........ . .. ..... ........ .... M A J 0 R THOROUGHFARES A& Ak Aft qw-w w COLLECTOR STREET 0000 LOCAL STREET C 0 M M E R C I A L PLATE 10 59 The major latter-day development has been in the nature of residential subdivisions near these three princi.pa.l thoroughfares, these subdivisions being more or less scattered and unrelated insofa.r as a, definite street pattern is concerned. A review of the planning area base map reveals very clearly that: there is no established pattern other than the present County roads', State Highway 183, whose axis is east and west through the center of the present developed area of Euless; F. M. Highway 157 north and south; and the above -mentioned Main Street - Euless -Grape- vine Road. Pipe Line Road extends east and west and is a. principal connection between Euless and Hurst, State Highway 183 is the primary connection. between the two m,-micipalit.ies and serves as the major access route between these municipalities and Dallas and Fort Worth. The Bedford -Euless Road paralleling Pipe Line Road to the north is the second most important east -west tborougbfare which connects Euless with the Bedford -Hurst urban. communities. Most of the streets and County roads other than State Highway 183 are narrow in both right-of-way and pave- ment. Many of the recently constructed streets in the various residential subdivisions are of adequate pavement types. However, many of these streets will not fit into the overall scheme of the major thoroughfare and highway system, except for short distances. Some of them will be utilized as segments of collector streets in the overall circulatory system. The pattern of residential streets does not indicate that there has been adequate control of the overall planning of. the Euless developed area. There seems to be no continuity in the street system, although the general. site layouts of individual subdivisions possess many features of good, modern residential subdivision design. Moreover, the resi- dential areas that have been developed have made no provisions for major thoroughfare extensions that would adequately serve the overall circulation needs of the Euless area. or connect properly with other major streets of the various municipalities between Dallas and Fort Wo rth, Right -of --Way Widths and Roadway Improvements Existing right-of-way widths on present City streets and on County roads will effectively limit the number of moving traffic: lanes that can be provided along any given route, It is extremely difficult to widen an existing facility, particularly in an area that has been structurally developed. Most rights -of -way of County roads which a number of the proposed thoroughfares will traverse are narrow in rights -of -way, ranging between 40 and 50 feet in width. Is It is important, then, that adequate right-of-way be acquired in vacant or sparsely developed areas well in. advance of the actual needs. Most of the City streets are of 50-foot: width in right-of-wav and, of course, have lesser widths of pavement. Most of the street cross -sections are of the "country" type, that is, road surfacing with side ditches for drainage. Curb and gutter exists principally in the newly developed, scattered residential subdivisions. The State and Federal. highways have the better type of pavement and are wider in paved surface and right- of -way. Major Traffic Routings By far the heaviest traffic volumes are through Euless over State Highway 183. This facility has been recently improved by the Texas Highway Department both in surfacing and in channelization of traffic through the provision of a median strip with left -turn lanes at major road and street intersections. The next heaviest east west traffic flow is over Pipe Line Road, which extends between Euless and Hurst and continues westward to a connection with Highway 121 through North Richland Hills. Lesser amounts of traffic are noticeable over the Bedford -Euless Road, also an east -west connection between Euless and Bedford and Hurst and on westward to North Richland Hills. The major north -south traffic routing is over F. M. Highway 157 and the Main Street - Euless -Grapevine Road, both of which. extend north and south through the developed Euless area.. F. M. Highway 157 is, of course, the major connection between Euless and Arlington to the south and Grapevine. State Highway 360, a. newly developed expressway type facility which extends southward from State Highway 183 along the west property line of Amon Carter Field, is the principal connection between the Euless area and the Great Southwest Corporation industrial complex and the General Motors Plant in Arlington, and the aircraft industries in Grand Prairie. All of these facilities are of great im- portance in the consideration of a circulatory system for the future. Several basic factors are of primary consideration in the pro- vision of a. major thoroughfare and highway system for Euless, and these are as follows: 1. Establishment of administrative procedures and respon- sibilities to assure safe and. efficient use of existing streets and County roads in the area� 61 Z. Adoption of adequate standards of service for respective streets in the system, such standards to govern the selection of design details for the various elements of each street; 3. Provision of traffic control. devices as may be required within each street in the network to assure maximum efficiency of operation and maximum. safety for the motoring public; 4. Assurance of effective service to the various land uses to provide for orderly community development, properly classifying streets as to type and function, with each type of street in the system to serve through traffic movement or access to varying but distinct degrees. PROPOSED MAJOR THOROUGHFARE AND HIGHWAY SYSTEM The recommended major thoroughfare and highway system for Euless is exhibited on Plate 11. The proposed system is composed of six major east -west thoroughfares which traverse, in the main, State highways and present County roads. For the most part, collector streets are provided at intermediate distances between these principal east -west thoroughfares. All of the east -west thoroughfares proposed connect with those which have been projected in the Comprehensive Plan for Hurst as recently prepared by the consultants. The system is composed also of seven north -south major thoroughfares and, likewise, these principal. thoroughfares traverse present highways and County roads and, in some instances, are routed over segments of present City streets. In a similar manner, as in the case of east -west thoroughfares, collector streets extend for shorter distances and over less straight alignments at intermediate distances between the major thoroughfares. The major thoroughfare plan indicates the present rights -of -way of highways and streets that are adequate in width and as proposed. Inadequate rights -of -way are shown by a separate symbol. Grade separations indicated are principally underpasses or overpasses at major thoroughfare intersections with the proposed new expressway type highways and C. R. 1. & P. Railroad. To be noted on the plan are the designated right-of-way widths for each of :the major and collector streets, together with a notation as to the particular roadway design section that is recommended for each facility. IV EXISTING PROPOSEDW ADEQUATE R.O.W. 00000 INADEQUATE R.O.W. 00000 FREEWAY mmlu� COLLECTOR •00*000 0000000 GRADE SEPARATION O NOTE: SECTION NUMBERS REFER TO RECOMMENDED STREET CROSS SECTIONS. / j �I= uo c�lc 0 .o W. o Sec. 2 0000000000oc o ;o : 0 �o NORTH 0 1000' 2010, CALDWELL AND CALDWELL P L A H N E R S H 0 U S T O N T Y L E R WISIN BAKER, FIX AND ASSOC C 0 N S U L T I H G E N G I N E E R S THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN MAJOR THOROUGHFARES EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 11 63 Proposed Street Cross -Sections Plate 12 indicates the recommended design cross -sections for each type of street proposed on the major thoroughfare and circulatory system plan. Adequate design standards must be adopted for the roadway ele- ments of each of the street types which will provide the intended level of service in terms of capacity, operating speed and safety. These design standards wi.11 produce necessary controls for the orderly development of streets in new areas and provide the basis for a coordinated program of upgrading certain existing streets and County roads which are now substandard. Table 10 is a quick reference for cross-section design standards for each of the streets proposed in the major street system and, when correlated with Plates 11 and 12, will serve as a guide for progressive development of the major thoroughfare system as proposed for development over the future years of Euless's urban development. Generally, under normal operating conditions, a major street with two moving lanes and restricted parking at the curbs will handle approximately 7, 500 vehicles in an average 24-hour period, with a corresponding two-way peak hour volume of 750 vehicles. If volumes are in excess of these amounts, provision should be made for a wider facility. In Euless, other than on State Highways 183 and 360, present and expected volumes of traffic are not sufficient to warrant more than four moving traffic lanes. Pipe Line Road, as it extends through the Hurst area, has in excess of 3, 500 cars per 24-hour period, which is a traffic load of about one -fifth the maximum capacity of the proposed four -lane pavement width without parking accommodations. Streets comprising the major thoroughfare and highway system should have a minimum of two moving lanes at Least 11 feet wide, but preferably 12 feet in width. if parking is allowed at the curbs an additional lane of 8 feet, and preferably 10 feet, is required on each side for parallel parking only, making the total pavement width 36 feet minimum, but preferably 44 feet. This Latter width will ultimately permit four moving lanes of 11 feet each with no parking provisions. This type street can be easily developed in a 60-foot right-of-way through already developed land areas, but can be constructed in a 50-foot right. -of -way in extreme cases where widening is impossible or prohibitive. The design of streets in residential areas is opposite to that of major thoroughfares or collector streets from the standpoint of pavement width, thickness of pavement and right-of-way requirements. A pavement width of 30 feet, face-to-face of curbs, is satisfactory and will provide two 9-foot parallel parking lanes and one 12-foot moving traffic .lane. A residential street with a pavement width of 30 feet and curvilinear alignment will suc- cessfully protect an area from fast, heavy traffic and, at the same time, will provide adequate circulation for the local traffic for which it is intended. RECOMMENDED STREET CROSS - SECTIONS I COLLECTOR STREET :0'R/Y! `I 2 LOCAL BUSINESS STREET ® 4 4 3 MAJOR BUSINESS STREET 4 MAJOR STREET 5 MAJOR STREET 6 BASIC RESIDENTIAL STREET 8 0' R/W 100' R/W 2 MOVING LANES 2 PARKING LANES 4 MOVING LANES 4 MOVING LANES 2 PARKING LANES 4 MOVING LANES 6 MOVING LANES 2 PARKING LANES I MOVING LANES Gil PROPOSED CROSS -SECTIONS FOR MAJOR THOROUGHFARES AND COLLECTOR STREETS Major Thoroughfares Collector Streets Highways State Highway 183 Proposed State Highway Spur 350 Proposed State Highway 121 State Highway 360 - Harwood - Old Dallas Road F. M. Highway 157 Main St. - Euless -Grapevine Rd. Trigg -Euless Road Martin Schmaltz Road Bedford -Arlington Road Keller Drive Carbon Road Cheek Sparger Estelle Road Greenglade Rd. - Old Dallas Harwood Road Pipe Line Road Jackson Road Maxon- Cummi.ngs Rd. (C) Cummings Rd. (C) (East of Jackson Rd.) Bedford -Euless - Midway Rd. (C) Schumac Lane - Toplea (C) Bluebonnet (C) Hurst -Pipe Line Road (C) Simmons-Ector (C) All other collector streets Recommended Right -of -Way Traffic Lanes Section* 150, 4 ML (NP) THD 350' 4 ML (NP) THD 350' 4 ML (NP) THD 200' min. 4 ML (NP) THD 100, 4 ML (NP) THD 100' 4 ML (NP) 4 60, 4 ML (NP) 2 100, 4 ML (NP) 4 100, 4 ML (NP) 4 100, 4 ML (NP) 4 100! 4 ML (NP) 4 100, 4 ML (NP) 4 100` 4 ML (NP) 4 100, 4 ML (NP) 4 60, 4 ML (NP) 2 100, 4 ML 4 60, 2 ML 2 60, 2 ML 2 60, 2 ML 2 60, 2 ML 2 60, 2 ML 2 60, 2 ML 2 60E 2 .ML 2 60, 2 ML 2 'Cross -section type number correlated with Plate .12. ML Moving lanes of traffic (NP) No parking to be allowed along curb THD Texas Highway Department design (C) Collector Street N. N. Regional Highway System Plate 13 is included in this Plan report to show the relationship of the Euless -Hurst urban community to the major highway system that now exists in the Fort Worth area in addition to those proposed, now under construction, or in the planning stage. With the completion of 1-820 which extends through the westernmost portion of Hurst and encircles the City of Fort Worth; the relocation of State Highway 121 and Spur Highway 350 into the center of Euless and to a connection with the present State Highway 183; in addition to the present State Highway 183, the Fort Worth -Dallas Turnpike, and State Highway 360, Euless will ultimately be provided with adequate highway connections to the Fort Worth metropolitan area and the remainder of North Texas and Oklahoma. Ultimate development of these highways will certainly have a stimulating effect toward progressive urban development in the Euless urban plan- ning area. These highways are discussed in the following paragraphs. State Highway 183: State Highway 183 will continue to be a prin- cipal and most direct means of access for local traffic between the cities of Fort. Worth and Dallas and will continue to carry heavy traffic volumes. It is fortunate for Euless that recent improvements to this road have facilitated the movement of increasingly heavier traffic flows - such improvements have certainly minimized congestion along each side of the highway through Euless. Even greater relief of the heavy east -- west traffic over this highway will be forthcoming with the construction of the proposed expressway type highway 121 and its connecting Spur 350 to intersect State Highway 183 near Main Street. East of the inter- section of Highway 183 with State Highway intersection, a. slight reloca- tion and lowering of the highway by the Texas Highway Department to permit extensions of the north - south and northwest - southwest Amon Carter Airport runways some 2, 000 geet toward the north. Proper traffic controls and grade separations at the points of intersection of future major thoroughfares and this highway will be essential to provide safety for local traffic crossing the highway. Interstate 820 - Relocated Highway 121- The most vital future highway for access and direct relationship of the Euless -Hurst area to metropolitan Fort Worth is the proposed 1-820 from which will branch the relocation of State Highway 121. 1t is expected that this latter high- way will be developed to expressway standards and, by having a definite plan for major thoroughfares in the north -south direction, Euless can have properly designed interchanges provided by the State Highway Department at the points of intersection of the principal north -south thoroughfares. WISE CDUNT Y D ENTON coumrY I 1 ---r_ L-"!RI[z;E;R 01R P + Freeways, existing and under construction 0o Proposed Freeways a I � CANTERLI FIELD 1 f an 5 R 303 n J Y F�1Q+lY-yam' 180 ®O®7/1;:; 2 P L A N N E A 5 N 0 V 5 T 0 M T Y L E P WISINBAKIR, fIX AND ASSOC. C 0 H S U LT I N6 EN6INE ERS THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN HIGHWAY SYSTEM - FT. WORTH AREA EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 13 It is extremely necessary that the City of Euless crystallize its major thoroughfare plan and obtain the general approval of the same by the Texas Highway Department so that these interchanges may be assured for the future. The development of this loop highway and branching Highway 121 will provide the Euless - Hurst area with the access that has long been needed for better connections to the major employment centers in Fort Worth. Proposed State Highway 121 Relocation: The Texas Highway Department is now in the planning stage of relocating State Highway 121, the proposed alignment of which is shown on Plate 11 as traversing the present Bedford -Euless Road to a point approximately a half -mile east of Bedford -Arlington Road. From this point it is proposed that the route will angle off to the northeast to a connection with State Highway 114 and other highways east of Grapevine. A right-of-way of 350 feet is proposed for this new facility in which there will be constructed an expressway type roadway with interchanges and grade separations at projected major urban thoroughfares. Here again, it is imperative that Euless work closely with the Texas Highway Department to reach agreement on proper integration of the urban thoroughfare system and the proposed highway facility. Proposed State Highway Spur 350: As a continuing facility and to provide a connection between the relocated State Highway 121 and State Highway 183 in Euless, an expressway Spur is proposed between the above mentioned angle point to an intersection with State 183 at or just west of the intersection of Main Street with State Highway 183. Such a facility will require an interchange or grade separation with F. M. Road 157 and certainly adequate traffic control facilities at its inter- section with State Highway 183 and Main Street. F. M. Highway 157e This State highway has recently been im- proved and is a facility that directly connects the Euless -Hurst area and the Arlington industrial centers of employment in which many present and future residents of Euless will be employed. Access to this highway, which is a north -south facility, is now over State Highway 183., Pipe Line Road; Greenglade Road; Cheek Sparger Road and Carbon Road and, in the future, the proposed State Highway 121 and Spur 350. State Highway 360: State Highway 360, which is an expressway type facility, is available to the Euless area for access to the east Arlington industrial plants, particularly the Great Southwest Corpora- tion industrial area in northeast Arlington, the General Motors Plant in east Arlington and the aircraft industries in Grand Prairie. Access to this highway will be over Pipe Line Road, Spur 350 and State Highway 183. This highway also provides the Arlington and Grand Prairie area with a connection to Amon Carter Field. East-West Major Thoroughfares In addition to State Highway 183, the Euless major thoroughfare plan indicates five major east -west thoroughfares, all of which will. extend over present. County roads at least for major distances with some extensions through presently undeveloped areas. K. House - Anderson Road: The southernmost east -west thorough- fare proposed in the Euless Plan is the K. House - Anderson Road which will traverse parts of the present County road. It will extend between F. M. Highway 157 and the southern extension of Keller Drive. Pipe Line Road: This facility will be one of the principal links between Euless and Hurst. Improvements are now being made to the road as it extends through the Hurst Community. It also will be the principal access route for an expected industrial area in the southern part of the Euless Community. It will extend eastward to a connection with State Highway 360 and will be an accessway to Amon Carter Field. This facility is recommended as a Section 2 type cross-section in a 60vfoot right-of-way. Present width of Pipe Line Road is approximately 50 feet and it will., of course, require widening to 60 feet. Greenglade (Old Dallas -Harwood) Road. Proposed as a 100-foot right-of-way Section 4 type improvement is the Greenglade, sometimes called Old Dallas -Harwood, Road which will also be a valuable east -west connection between Euless, Bedford and Hurst and thence to an ultimate intersection with the proposed relocated State Highway 121. This facility will traverse, for the most part, the present right-of-way which will necessarily require widening. Cheek Sparger - Estelle Road: This future facility is proposed as a 100-foot right of way Section 4 type improvement. It will connect the east Euless area with Bedford and the proposed State Highway 121, at which intersection a. future interchange is proposed. 70 Carbon Road: This facility will be the approximate north limits of the future Euless planning area. It will extend across the entire north area of Euless connecting north Euless with the Cities of Smith- field, Colleyvil.le, and Bedford. It is projected to traverse present County road right-of-way which should be widened to 100 feet to permit the development of a Section 4 type roadway. North -South Major Thoroughfares In addition to State Highway 360 and F. M. Highway 157 which have been previously discussed under State and Federal Highways, there are proposed six major north -south thoroughfares, all of which will extend over parts of present County roads and over some segments of existing Euless streets. Trigg -Euless Road: This is the easternmost north -south thorough- fare proposed on the major thoroughfare plan. It is recommended that it be developed as a Section 4 100-foot right-of-way facility. The Amon Carter Field north -south runways extensions north of State Highway 183, will govern the southern alignment and point of intersection of this street with Highway 183. Jackson Road. This street begins at Highway 183 and should have an eventual connection with the proposed State Highway 121 north of Euless. It is proposed as a Section 4 type roadway facility in a 100 foot. right -of -way. Main Street - Eu.l.ess -Grapevine Road: One of the principal north -- south major thoroughfares traversing the present developed part of Euless is the present Main Street. It is proposed to extend over the present Euless Grapevine Road to a possible north connection with proposed relocated State Highway 121. It is recommended as a 60-foot right-of-way Section 2 type improvement between Pipe Line Road and Greenglade Road. South of Pipe Line Road it is proposed that it be widened to 100 feet of right-of-way with a Section 4 improvement. The portion north. of Greenglade Road is also recommended for 100 feet of right-of-way and Section 4 type roadway improvement. F. M. Highway 157. Although this facility was previously dis- cussed under the regional highway system, it is again stated here that it will continue to be one of the principal north -south major thoroughfares. 71 It is recommended that the facility ultimately be improved to urban standards wherein the side ditches would be eliminated and curb and gutter installed on a Type 4 cross-section in a 100-foot right-of-way. This facility will be the principal. connection between the central portion of Arlington, Euless and Grapevine. Martin Schmaltz Road; This facility would extend over part of the Martin Schmaltz Road and southward on a. fairly straight alignment to the K. House - Anderson Road. It is proposed as a 100-foot right-of-way facility with. a Section 4 type roadway improvement. Bedford -Arlington Road. This road will be another principal con- nection between the probable industrial area to the south of State Highway 183 and southward to central Arlington and will also connect Euless with the relocated State Highway 121 to the north. It is proposed as a 100 foot right-of-way Section 4 type facility. Grade separations are pro- posed on this facility at its intersection with the C. R. I. & P. Railroad and proposed State Highway 121. Keller Drive. Keller Drive is the westernmost north -south major thoroughfare proposed on the Plan. It would connect the east -west K. House - Anderson Road with the western developed area of Euless, to an eventual connection with the proposed relocated State Highway 121. It is proposed as a 100-foot right-of-way Section 4 type roadway improve- ment. A grade separation or interchange will be required at its inter- section with Proposed State Highway 121. Brown Trail: Although this major street is in Hurst, it is indi- cated on the Euless thoroughfare plan to show how it would be integrated into the Euless circulatory system since it is the easternmost Hurst thoroughfare. Due to the present development on each side of its right-- of-way, it will of necessity have to be confined to a 60®foot right-of-way with Section 2 roadway. Collector Streets The major thoroughfare plan exhibited on Plate 11 indicates a total of seven north -south collector streets located at intermediate distances between the major north -south thoroughfares. In an east -west direction, the plan indicates a need for five collector streets. 72 The northernmost east -west collector street would be located between Carbon Road and Cheek Sparger - Estelle Road. Its right-of-- way should be 60 feet wide with Section 2 roadway. The second east -west collector street would extend over portions of Cummings Road and a connection to Maxon Road and thence to a southwesterly intersection with Keller Drive and Greenglade Road. This facility is proposed as a 60-foot right-of-way with a Section 2 type roadway. Another collector street routed east and west but at an intermediate point between the Greenglade Road and the Bedford - Euless Road would traverse part of the old Bedford - Euless County Road right-of-way and would connect with the present Midway Street. Its total route would con- nect with the proposed Highway 121 on the west. It would have an east extension beyond Jackson Road. It should have 60 feet of right-of-way with Section 2 type roadway. Another east -west collector street is proposed between the proposed Highway 121 and Pipe Line Road to traverse parts of Schumac Lane to a connection with Toplea Street. It would extend between F. M. Highway 157 and Keller Drive. It is also recommended as a 60-foot right-of-way Section 2 type roadway. Two short east -west collector streets are recommended to connect several major streets between Pipe Line Road and K. House - Anderson Road. One of these, extending between Brown Trail and Highway 183, will follow Bluebonnet Road. The other to the present Hurst - Pipe Line Road and is located between K. House - Anderson Road and State High- way 183. Both these secondary major streets should be Section 2 road- way types in 60 feet of right-of-way. The principal north -south collector streets are similarly recom- mended as 60-foot. right-of-way, Section 2 type roadway trafficways. As in the instance of east -west collector streets, they are located, for the most part, equidistant between the major north -south thoroughfares. The westernmost collector street is a very short one and would extend between Pipe Line Road and Highway 183 between Keller Drive and Bedford - Arlington Road. Between Martin Schmaltz Road and Bedford - Arlington Road, the Plan indicates a collector street that would extend from State Highway 183 north to connect with proposed State Highway 121. 73 Between F. M. Highway 157 and Martin Schmaltz Road there is proposed a collector street which will extend in a northeasterly direction for Martin Schmaltz Road about one-half mile to Pipe Line Road then meandering north to a connection with proposed State Highway 121. Midway between F. M. Highway 157 and Main Street extending north from Pipe Line Road across Highway Spur 350 and over present. Simmons and Ector Streets is a suggested. collector street through the heart of present Euless. Another north -south collector street proposed on the Plan would be located between Main Street and Jackson Road. It would follow Dickey Street on the south and would connect with the present Fuller Wiser Road, and would extend from Pipe Line Road north to Carbon Road. Two other north -south collector streets are proposed to serve northeast Euless, one between Jackson Road and Trigg - Euless Toad and the other about one-half mile east of Trigg Road between Trigg and the Dallas - Tarrant County Line. Many of the streets, major thoroughfares and collector streets are shown as extending through presently undeveloped land. It is very important that the City of Euless consider official. adoption of this Major Thoroughfare Plan so that it will be pos sibl.e to have rights -of -way for these important facil.ities dedicated to public: use by land developers as plats are presented to the Planning Commission for approval. This can be accomplished through adequate enforcement of the recommended sub- division rules and regulations. By having the plan to refer to in advance of development, future subdividers may be made aware of the necessity for extension of the major streets as proposed and for continuity of adequate extensions so that an orderly and adequate circulatory system may be achieved throughout the coming years. The routings through vacant land areas as shown on the Plan are relative, the exact locations to be dependent upon the designs submitted by the future land developers. TRAFFIC CONTROL Maximum efficiency and safety in the use of existing streets can be achieved through the installation of modern traffic control devices. Some of these controls are as follows: 1. Traffic signals properly located and timed in accordance with varying traffic demands to assure continuous safe and efficient traffic flow; 74 2. Parking regulations to prohibit or limit parking in specified areas of congestion, either all day or at peak hours; 3. Parking regulations to prohibit diagonal parking on major thoroughfares and in business areas; 4. Redesign of critical. intersections with provisions for channelization and additional traffic lanes to assure that intersections capacities are at least equal to the capacities of the arteries between the intersections. Plate 14 indicates typical channelization for left turns and typical pavement transition details. Detailed traffic studies by competent traffic consultants should be made at such times as future traffic demands ,justify special con- sideration and attention. On designated highway routes the City will find the Texas Highway Department cooperative in assisting in the design of intersections where special channelization and traffic control is necessary. The City will, of course, assume the responsibility of provision of adequate traffic controls at intersections of major thorough- fares that do not follow designated highway routings. ACHIEVEMENT OF THE THOROUGHFARE PLAN For the successful achievement of the proposed Major Thorough- fare and Highway Plan, it will be necessary that the City of Euless obtain a general agreement on the basic recommendations by all the public agencies concerned. The various political units involved in the development of the overall Plan are, besides the City of Euless itself, the City of Bedford, the City of Hurst., the City of Arlington, Tarrant County and the Texas Highway Department. Every effort must be made to utilize the existing facilities to their maximum capacity and efficiency. The design standards to be followed in planning the major thorough- fare and highway system for Euless must be adjusted to existing con- ditions and practical economic considerations in the presently developed areas. By following the Plan and by using subdivision regulations to their maximum efficiency, sufficient right-of-way can be obtained in outlying areas that are now undeveloped. This will permit the orderly development of the major thoroughfare system of the highest standards requiring rights -- of -way to be dedicated at the time the areas are being subdivided. By having a planned major thoroughfare system in advance of development in outlying areas, it will. be possible to coordinate and integrate the system with future State and Federal highwayprojects throughout the planning area. 75 TYPICAL TRANSITION DETAILS I Iso• Iso• I Too, I '( 170• . A O.W. LINE `�, I ~ W .... .. in' MIN I TRAFFIC CHANNELIZATION to, TO 100, RIGHT • OF • WAY TRANSITION E-fl COMMERCIAL R, 0. W. LIXE I I � I r I IIr 11 II��I IIj—l�,II r___—_ �--.—J �.l L—!� AFAATMEOS IOF IUSA` I i LJ I M[ff, ICN00L OP t AAU Nele: Id' PnTlnt She Uld 8e EStended To Intersection II Non Resi denllSl Use Tor■Inntes L. IS Thnn 300, Frd® Inter set Ilan AS Shorn le Black O 30' TO dd' PAYING TRANSITION PLATE 14 Storm Drainage 0 STORM DRAINAGE PURPOSE OF DRAINAGE PLAN Prevention of future flood damage within the areas to be developed as a present or future part of the City of Euless is a problem whose solution is vital. to the future growth and development of the City. There- fore it is necessary to plan in advance what flood prevention structures will be needed after the development has been done so adequate pro- visions can be made in the planning of new developments to allow for the construction of such flood prevention structures when they become necessary. It is also desirable and economical to know in advance of bridge construction the size of future drainage channel to be constructed to avoid having to remove existing bridges and rebuild adequate bridges at a later date. WATERSHEDS The planning area for Euless lies within the watershed of the West Fork of the Trinity River as Euless is located a short distance to the north of the river. The various watersheds within the planning area are indicated on Plate 15. Most of the area within the present City Limits is drained by four relatively small creeks which all drain to the south. The drainage problems within these four watersheds are relatively minor. The westernmost watershed is shown on Plate 15 as watershed "C". The creek is known as Sulphur Branch and includes the main stream and one tributary. The main stream has a total watershed of 2, 400 acres or 3. 75 square miles. Of this 2, .114 acres are in Bedford and only 286 acres are actually within Euless. The tributary joins the main stream below Euless. It has a total watershed of 411 acres of which 204 acres are in Bedford and 207 acres are in Euless. The next stream is known as Hurricane Creek and is identified on Plate 1.5 as watershed I'D". It has several tributaries which join the main stream within Euless City Limits. The total watershed of this stream is 3, 020 acres or 4.72 square miles. Of this, 1, 646 acres, or a little more than one half, are in Bedford and 1, 374 acres are inEul.ess. LEGEND: 240' Top Width of Proposed Channel Creek Channels to be Paved Divide Between Creek Watersheds ---- Divide Between Sub -Watersheds A-9 Watershed Number N 0 A T II o Iaoo' Toao' CALDWELL AND CALDWELL P L A N H E N 5 H 0 U 5 T 0 N T Y L E N WISENBAKER, FIX AND ASSOC C 0 N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E R S THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN STORM DRAINAGE PLAN EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 15 The next watershed is identified on Plate 1.5 as watershed "E". This watershed contains 1, 050 acres or 1. 64 square miles. It is almost wholly within Euless. The fourth, or easternmost watershed draining to the south, is identified on Plate 15 as watershed 'IF". It contains 461 acres or 0. 72 square miles, all of which is within the Euless planning area. While the drainage problems within these four watersheds are relatively minor, there will be major drainage problems in developing certain areas in the north and eastern parts of the Euless planning area. This area is drained by Big Bear Creek, a very large creek, and its tributaries. One of these tributaries, Little Bear Creek, is quite large in itself. At Highway 183, Big Bear Creek has a total watershed of 49, 700 acres or 77. 66 square miles. Only a small part of this water- shed is within the Euless planning area as the watershed is more than 20 miles long. It extends west of. Keller. The creek heads on Blue Mound on the Fort Worth - Haslet Highway. An extremely large channel will be required for Big Bear Creek to prevent flooding of the surrounding area. The watershed of one tributary to Big Bear Creek lies wholly within the Euless planning area. This creek flows from west to east north of and approximately parallel to Highway 183. Its watershed has been designated on Plate 15 as watershed ''A''. Its watershed contains 1, 660 acres or 2. 59 square miles. This small watershed does not contain any major problems. North of this stream is Little Bear Creek whose watershed has been identified on Plate 15 as the "LBI' watershed. Little Bear Creek has a watershed of 14, 400 acres or 22. 50 square miles. The water- shed is about 11. 4 miles long as this stream heads ,just east of U. S. Highway 377 between Watuga and Keller. Of the total watershed, only about 1, 500 acres are within the Euless planning area. STORM SEWERS AND CHANNELS Some means has to be provided to carry off storm runoff flows without flooding. In general, lots and other small areas are drained into streets. The streets are sometimes drained directly into water- courses or streams. On many streets, the amount of water collecting within a street is greater than the amount of water that can flow in the street without flooding it. 79 In these cases, it is necessary to provide some means of carrying the excess flow. This usually consists of storm sewer pipe or an open drainage channel. It is difficult to maintain small earthen channels as they tend to become choked with weeds. They soon develop small, stagnant pools and usually will soon create a mosquito hazard unless they are paved. We recommend that all open drainage channels in Euless be paved to prevent these problems. Small channels should be paved as the surrounding areas are developed and large channels should be paved whenever the surrounding development makes the paving economically feasible. We strongly recommend that the City of Euless and its Planning Commission adopt standard rules for the construction of storm sewer within areas of new development to prevent local flooding problems. The City of Fort Worth requires all new subdivisions to be equipped with complete storm sewers and drainage channels. The cost of all storm sewer pipes 36 inches in size and less is paid for completely by the developer of the land. Fort Worth participates in the cost of all drainage channels and all storm sewer pipe larger than 36 inch, with the developer paying a sum equal to the cost of 36 inch pipe and the City paying all additional costs. It is suggested that the City of. Euless adopt a similar policy to avoid flooding problems from inadequate drainage facilities. If such a policy is adopted, it will be necessary to know in advance of approving of any subdivision plats where open channels will be re- quired so that the proper easements can be provided in the original plans. The choice between installing a storm sewer pipe and construct- ing paved open channel is a matter of economics of construction and land costs. The City of Fort Worth has adopted the policy of requiring that any open channel be at least 7 feet deep, 4 feet wide at the bottom, with 2:1 side slopes, and with the bottom and sides paved to the calculated depth of the flow corresponding to a 25-year frequency flood. The min- imum depth of 7 feet may not be essential in all channels, but we con- sider it advisable. Floods of larger frequency than 25 years will result in greater depths of flow. It is usually impossible to predict with accuracy the depth of storm sewer pipes draining into a channel and it is necessary to construct the channels with sufficient depth that the storm sewers can discharge into the channel. The minimum size channel. acceptable has a top width of 32 feet. The City of Fort Worth requires developers to provide channel ease- ments at least 20 feet wider than any open channel.. Five feet of this width is reserved on one side of the channel for working room for maintainence purposes while a minimum of 1.5 feet is reserved on the other side of the channel for access and mainta.inence purposes. In line with this policy for the major city in this area, we recommend that the City of Euless adopt a. policy of requiring easements at least 20 feet wider than the width of the top of the channel but not less than 60 feet wide for any channel. -9 Since the channels require very wide easements, not only con- struction costs but also land costs must be considered in the economic study of whether to install a pipe or an open channel. Because these land costs vary, no hard and fast rule can be given for the maximum size storm sewer pipe that is economical. Generally speaking, even on fairly lost cost land, a 42 inch storm sewer pipe will be cheaper than an open channel. Generally, even on high cost land, a 60 inch pipe will be more expensive than an open channel. Only in the cases where the flows require 48 or 54 inch pipe will there be much question about whether a pipe should be installed or an open channel constructed. FLOOD PEAKS It will be necessary to know before approving of a plat for land subdivisions whether an open channel will be required across the land being subdivided, and if so, the width of easement required for the channel. For this purpose, this plan has included a study of the storm flows within the planning area of Euless. We have used the topographic maps quadrangles prepared by the United States Geological Survey to determine the area, length, and general slope of each watershed and sub -watershed within the planning area. This, as previously mentioned, are shown on Plate 15. From these data so obtained, we have calculated the size of flood peaks to be carried by all open storm drainage channels. To be able to make these calculations, it was necessary to make certain assumptions. The drainage structure design standards of the City of Fort Worth require that design for flows in streets and storm sewers be made for 5-year frequency floods but that open channels be designed for 25-year frequency floods. We recommend that Euless adopt a similar policy, so we have calculated the 25 year frequency floods. As areas are developed, the intensity of flood peaks will. in- crease considerably. Much of rain falling on grass or farmland will soak into the ground and only a relatively small portion of the water will run off to the creek.. Almost all of the rainfall falling on roofs, paved streets, parking lots, and driveways will run off so the amount of runoff will increase considerably as the area develops with buildings and pavement. The rate of runoff through a windy, brushy, natural creek channel. is relatively slow. Providing straight, clean, even -- grade, man-made channels will increase the speed of runoff tremen- dously, often more than doubling the rate of flow. This has a tremen- dous effect on the size of the flood peaks to be carried down the channel. Paving the earthen channels also will increase the rate of flow tremen- dously over the rate of flow in an unpaved channel. Since we anticipate that the entire area of the watersheds will be ultimately entirely developed, we have calculated the anticipated runoffs from developed areas. Since we anticipate that the entire length of all creek channels will eventually be put on an even grade and the channel paved, we have also included this in our calculations. The flows calculated from these assumptions are given in Table 11 for each watershed and sub -watershed. These flows are several times what the present. day 25-year frequency flood flow now is with much of the watersheds undeveloped and with the natural creek channels. While it may be many years before the 25 -yeas frequency flows approach those given in this table, the City of. Euless should at least require ease- ments to accomodate the channel widths given in this table in all. future land developments in this area. Plate 15 shows all open creek channels that will. be required in the future in the Euless planning areas. In some cases it may be desirable to install a pipe in lieu of some of the minimum size channels, or it may be desirable in some cases to lengthen minimum width channels to reduce length of pipe required. Table 11 shows the esti- mated width of all channels both at the bottom and the top, and the width of right-of-way required for the construction and maintenance of these creek channels, It also lists the anticipated water depth in the channel with a 25-year frequency flow and the recommended channel depth. The flows and water depths given are only approximate because the anti- cipated grades were calculated from the topographic map. As the channels are constructed, the actual grade may vary slightly from the grade used in the calculations. It would not be feasible nor financially possible for the City of Euless to begin atthis time to construct and pave all the creek channels shown in this Plan. The purpose of preparing this plan at this time is to enable the City of Euless to take the proper steps to insure reserva- tion of the proper easement so that these channels can be constructed in the future when there is a need for such construction. Not all of the channels will, be constructed at one time; the construction will be in sections where development is occurin.g at that time. In the first stages of development, for at least the major creek channels, the first construction will be only the straightening of the alignment and grade of the channels. When the development in each watershed reaches the point where the earthen channels do not have sufficient flow capacity, they should then be paved. Straightening of the alignment and grade of the creek channels must be done as a City project; work of this sort by land developers usually is not satisfactory because usually the work has to extend through several Land developments and a single land developer has no, control over what is done outside the property he controls. M ][ABLE NO. I CREEK CHANNELS AND BRIDGE SIZES REQUIRED FOR 35-YEAR FREQUENCY FLOODS l "All Group onp Water- Time of 25-Yr. abed Conc. Flow _ _ lmidtby _I7eot l]opt6 _ IreoL' No. Acres Min. CF8 Bottom Top ROW Il{}W 'Flow Channel A-1 1'470 24 3,}08 4 44 65 8,2 10 A-2 1,148 23 Z,620 ' 4 44 65 6,0 10 A-3 1'020 2Z 2'390 4 44 65 . 6.6 10 A-4 714 ]q 1'780 4 44 65 6,3 lO A-5 36 12 185 - - - - - A-6 428 17 1,110 / 4 44 65 4.9 10 A-7 107 15 288 4 32 60 2.5 7 A-8 132 16 351 4 3% 60 2.6 7 A-q %7 ll 81 - - - - - A-10 71 14 191 4 32 60 2,2 7 A-11 71 13 201 4 92 60 Z.1 7 A-l2 57 lZ 164 - - - - \ - 2. //l,I511[lroup - Little Bear Craalc LB-1 14'400 96 LB-2 147 lZ LB-3 14,000 ql LB-4 125 13 LB-5 177 14 LB-6 � '13'300 87 LB-7 ' 277 14 LB-8 185 13 LB-9 140 13 LB-l0 ` 12'900 82 ' 18,000 � 200 240 ' 260 > 6.1 Y 10 ` 4Z6 , 4 33 60 2.3 7 17,500 200 240 260 6.0 10 364 . 4 | 32 60 2.3 7 488 4 i 32 60 Z.8 � 7 16,700 3O0 240 260 6,0 lO 762 4 32 60 3.8 7 528 4 32 60 3.0 7 398 4 32 60 Z,6 7 l6,l80 . 200 Z40 260 5.8 � 10 Table No. 11 ( Continued)-. 3. "BB'I Group - Big Bear Creek Water- Time of 25-Yr. . shed Conc. Flow No. Acres Mina CFS BB-1 49,700 121 49,700 BB-2 1, 660 26 3,650 BB-3 49,600 119 49,600 BB-4 46, 900 117 46,900 BB-5 45, 100 114 45,100 BB-6 44,700 112 50, 000 BB-7 44,500 110 49,800 BB-8 44,500 110 49,800 BB-9 15 10 46 BB-10 29, 900 108 33, 500 BB- 11 28, 800 101 36, 100 BB-12 751 22 1,760 BB- 13 588 21 1,411 BB-14 1, 030 22 2,430 BB- 15 1, 630 25 3,660 BB-16 56 17 146 BB-17 1, 930 28 4, 150 BB-18 2, 100 30 4,300 BB-19 514 19 1,290 Widths - Feet Depth - Feet Bottom Top ROW Flow Channel 200 260 280 12. 1 15 10 50 70 6. 9 10 200 260 280 12.1 15 200 260 280 11.9 15 200 260 280 11.3 15 200 260 280 12.3 15 200 250 270 9.0 12.5 200 250 270 9.0 12.5 200 250 270 9.5 12.5 200 250 270 10.4 12.5 4 44 65 5. 1 10 4 44 65 4.8 10 10 50 70 5. 8 10 20 60 80 5.6 10 20 60 80 6.9 10 20 60 80 7.6 10 10 50 70 3.7 10 4. "C" Group - Sulphur Branch C- 1 411 13 1, 170 4 32 60 3. 9 7 C-2 2, 400 24 5, 530 20 60 80 6.6 10 C-3 204 12 610 4 32 60 2.7 7 C-4 2, 1'14 22 4,970 20 60 80 6. 0 10 ( Continued) E1! Table No. 11 (Continued): 5. "D" Group - Hurricane Creek Water- Time of 25-Yr. shed Conc. Flow No. Acres Min. CFS D- 1 3, 020 23 6,950 D-2 2,810 21 6,750 D-3 274 14 782 D-4 73 12 194 D-5 1,630 18 4, 160 D-6 1,270 17 3,300 D-7 1, 100 14 3, 040 D-8 92 13 261 D-9 362 16 960 D- 10 92 13 263 D-11 693 15 1,870 D- 12 2,480 21 6, 090 Widths - Feet Depth - Feet Bottom Top ROW Flow Channel 20 60 80 8.0 10 20 60 80 8.0 10 4 32 60 3.3 7 10 50 70 8. 1 10 10 50 70 6. 8 10 4 44 65 6. 8 10 4 32 60 2. 1 7 4 44 65 5.2 10 4 32 60 2. 1 7 4 44 65 5.2 10 20 60 80 8.0 10 6. ''E" Group E- 1 1, 050 19 2,630 10 50 70 5.7 10 E-2 153 14 419 4 32 60 3. 1 7 E-3 740 17 1, 920 4 44 65 5. 6 10 E-4 144 12 419 4 32 60 2.9 7 E-5 367 15 1, 010 4 44 65 5. 0 10 E-6 102 12 297 4 32 65 2.2 7 E-7 73 12 210 - - - - - E-8 71 12 203 - - - - - E-9 403 15 1, 090 4 44 65 5. 0 10 E-10 60 12 176 - - - - - E-11 110 12 318 4 32 60 2.5 7 E-12 110 14 436 4 32 60 2.8 7 E- 13 232 16 616 4 32 60 3.4 7 E- 14 163 14 448 4 32 60 2.4 7 ( Continued) E'f Table No. 11 (Concluded): 7. "F" Group Water- Time of 25-Yr. shed Conc. Flow Widths - Fe11 et Depth , - Feet No. Acres Min. CFS Bottom Top ROW„. Flow Channel. F-1 461 15 1,250 10 50 70 3. 6 10 F-2 346 14 986 4 32 60 4. 1 7 F-3 227 12 660 4 32 60 3. 1 7 F-4 79 12 229 4 32 60 1.8 7 FLOODING OF LAND ADJACENT TO CREEKS The flows given in Table 11 are based on 25-year frequency floods which are to be contained entirely within the channels. Some flooding may occur on low land adjacent to the creek channels when floods of greater frequency occur. To prevent such flooding, we recommend that the City of Euless adopt a policy of not permitting permanent building construction on any land less than 5 feet above the top of the creek channel with no floor line less than 10 feet above the top of the creek channel. This precaution should be especially observed along the channels of Big Bear and Little Bear Creeks be- cause their extremely large watersheds are capable of producing extremely large flood peaks. It is not practical to judge safe building elevations from observations of past flood levels because information as to the heighth of past flood levels is quite often inaccurate; many cases the observers of past flood levels have not seen flood peaks with a frequency of greater than 25 years; and the flood peaks will be much greater in the future after the watersheds are more fully developed and the creek channels straightened and paved. FUTURE BRIDGES Another problem facing the City of Euless is the construction of bridges over the various streams. Since the widths and depths of all channels that will be required within the planning area of Euless, the length and heighth of any bridge to be constructed in the future needed to span the proposed channels will be known. This will avoid the possibility of a bridge being constructed too short or too low and having to be replaced in the future. RECOMMENDATIONS The various recommendations in this section of this Master Plan Report are summarized as follows (1) We recommend that the City of Euless adopt standard rules requiring the construction of storm sewer and/or other drainage structures within all new subdivisions. (2) We recommend that the City of Euless adopt the present policy used by the City of Fort Worth which requires land developers to pay the entire cost of all storm sewers within a subdivision that require a 36 inch or smaller pipe, and that the Land developers be required to pay a sum equal to the cost of a 36 inch pipe where a larger pipe or open drainage channel. is required, with the City of Euless paying the difference between this sum and the actual cost. (3) We recommend that water carrying capacity of streets and storm sewers be adequate for a 5-year frequency flood. (4) We recommend that all open drainage channels have a water carrying capacity adequate for a 25-year frequency flood with the minimum channel size to be not less than 4 feet wide at the bottom, 7 feet deep, and with 2a 1 side slopes, with the channel to be paved for the depth of the 25-year frequency flood peak. (5) We recommend that the City of Euless require ease- ments in all new subdivisions where open channels are to be required, as shown on Plate 15. The easement for the right-of-way should allow at least 5 feet working room on one side of the channel, 15 feet access and working room on the other side of the channel, and should be not less than 60 feet wide. The list of suggested easement widths is given in Table 11. (6) We recommend that the City of Euless prohibit building construction on any land that is less than 5 feet above the top of the proposed creek channels and prohibit construction of buildings with a floor line less than 10 feet above the top of the creek channel. (7) We recommend that the length and heighth of all bridges to be constructed within the Euless planning area in the future be adequate to allow construction of the channel below the bridge as listed in Table 11. Zoning 91 ZONING The most valuable instrument through which Euless may control future development toward an orderly and desirable land use pattern is the enactment and judicious administration of an adequate zoning ordi- nance consistent with the expected type of urban development and in keeping with the characteristics of the Community and the living habits of the population. Little education is needed by the citizens of Euless relative to zoning mechanics and the values to be derived from good zoning practices, for there are, in nearby municipalities, many good zoning ordinances in effective operation in both Dallas and Fort Worth and in Arlington and nearby Hurst as well as in other municipalities in this general area of the State. It is deemed advisable here to only relate in brief the objectives of zoning as a guide to the ultimate achievement in developing a suitable zoning ordinance with provisions for its proper administration to guide the future development of the Euless urban area. It must be stated here that the City of Euless is only empowered under present State zoning enabling legislation to zone within its municipal boundaries. OBJECTIVES OF ZONING It is universally recognized in zoning practice that there are three primary objectives in zoning. These are: 1. To direct the growth of the municipality in an orderly pattern of land usage; 2. To protect the inherent values of residential, commercial and industrial properties; 3. To provide for reasonable expansion of all desirable and compatible land uses in the community, Where are other related objectives of zoning, some of these being as follows: 1. To conserve the value of property throughout the city; 92 2. To promote the health, safety, convenience and welfare of the citizens; 3. To insure adequate open space surrounding residences, including reasonable spacing between structures and setbacks from streets; 4. To provide convenient locations for neighborhood shopping districts; 5. To establish ample areas for industrial development; 6. To reduce congestion in the streets by requiring off-- street parking, loading and unloading facilities for motor vehicles; 7. To provide harmonious locations for the types of residential structures desired by the citizens; 8. To permit the location of churches, schools, recrea- tional areas, parks, public and semi-public buildings and other uses of land on convenient sites; 9> To encourage the design and development of desirable residential neighborhoods. HISTORY OF ZONING IN ELT LESS When Euless began its stimulated growth processes during the mid-1950's, the City's governing officials recognized the need for land use control whereupon a temporary zoning ordinance was prepared in 1955 as Ordinance No. 33. This Ordinance was well prepared and served generally- its intended purpose as a temporary land use and development control for a small urban village pending the future formu- lation of a comprehensive land use and urban development plan. It was admirably definitive in nature and terminology and contained the custo- mary zoning regulations, definitions, penal clause, saving clause and provisions for proper administration by the Zoning Board of Adjustment, and was, in its overall concept, consistent in the context of the State of Texas Zoning Enabling Act as recorded in Chapter 283, Acts of the Regular Session of the Legislature, 1927, Act 1011a to 1011j, Revised Civil Statutes as amended. 93 The Ordinance provided for three zoning districts, namely: District "A" - Single Family Dwelling District District "B" - Local Business District District "C" - Commercial District In addition to defining the permissable land uses under these zoning district classifications, the Ordinance provided for the customary regu- lations governing type and character of construction of buildings and other structures in such districts; the percentage of lot that could be occupied; the size of yards and open spaces; height of buildings; density of population; location and use of buildings, structures and land for residences and commercial purposes. The Ordinance further provided for the preparation of a zoning district map delineating these three zoning districts as an integral part of the Ordinance. Unfortunately, however, this Ordinance was not, in the opinion of the consultants, based upon an adequate, preconceived land use plan such as that presented as a part of this Comprehensive City Plan and as the Zoning Enabling Act requires. The technical provisions of the zoning Ordinance are not, in the opinion of the consultants, sufficiently com- prehensive in the allocation of permissible use districts consistent with the demands for present day urban development in satellite urban com- munities. Moreover, the ordinance does not provide for a number of other recognized zoning regulations, particularly those which will govern off-street parking of automobiles - a major concern to munici- palities of all sizes in the present automobile era.. Now that a compre- hensive land use plan has been developed to guide the future growth and development of the Euless urban area, it is necessary to formulate a comprehensive zoning ordinance which will more adequately regulate and permit the types of development that are expected to occur in the Euless area. RECOMMENDED ZONING FOR EULESS In the consultants ° studies and preparation of the Comprehensive City Plan for the adjoining City of Hurst, a study was made of that City's Zoning Ordinance which has been in force since September, 1957. A comprehensive review was made and it was found that, with certain exceptions, that Ordinance, styled Ordinance No. 100, was, in general, an adequate and appropriate control consistent with the requirements of land use development anticipated for the Hurst area. It is believed that this Ordinance would be suitable for use by the City of Euless with cer- tain revisions as will be pointed out subsequently in this report. In the opinion of the planning consultants, a homogenous urban develop- ment should and can be achieved throughout the future years in the Euless -Hurst area through the use of uniform land use controls. It is, therefore, recommended that the City of Euless consider the adoption of an ordinance similar to that in force in the City of Hurst, with con- sideration of such revisions as are pointed out in the following excerpt from the consultants' zoning report: Report on Zoning Ordinance - Hurst, Texas PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT ''As a part of the duties involved in the preparation of a Comprehensive City Plan for the guidance of future development of Hurst over the next 25 years, the planning consultants were authorized to review the present Zoning Ordinance under which the City of Hurst has been operating in its land development control since its enactment the 24th day of September, 1957. The purpose of this review is to determine the adequacy of the technical provisions of the Ordinance to properly govern the development of the land area into which the City may ultimately expand in consonance with the projected future land use plan as developed in the Comprehensive City Plan for Hurst, the major elements of which have been completed and submitted to the City Planning and Zoning Commission by the consultants. No references are made in this report as to legal form of the Ordinance nor to legal status of provisions in respect to the Texas Planning and Zoning .Enabling Act, these aspects of the Ordinance being recognized as the authoritative duties and responsibilities of the City Attorney. Section 1. Definitions "This section of the report appears to be fairly compre- hensive and contains, for the most part, the usual definitions appropriate, applicable to, and necessary for interpretation of the Ordinance; however, we note that there are several land uses common to urban communities which are not listed or properly identified. These are listed as follows: 1. .Beauty parlor or salon 2. Kindergarten W 3. Children's nursery 4. Mobile home park (although trailer cabin or trailer camp is included). This definition should be brought up-to-date in keeping with present day terminology and planning requirements. 5. Categorical breakdown of the term street 6. Easement or right-of-way for utilities 7. Institutions. USE DISTRICTS Section 7. Districts R- 1 and R- 1-A. First and Second Dwelling House Districts 111. Apparently the principal difference between these two single-family dwelling districts is the minimum floor area stipulation of dwelling structures, 800 square feet in R-1 and 650 square feet in R-1-A. Since there is stipulated a difference in floor area requirements, we are of the opinion that there should be, likewise, a differential in minimum lot -size requirements. We are also of the opinion that these two single-family districts should be set up in the Ordinance separately in order to properly adhere to the Enabling Act which states, in part, that 'All such regulations shall be uniform for each class or kind of building throughout each district, but the regulations in one district may differ from those in other districts'. 112. There should be required a minimum of one off-street parking space for each automobile in family ownership on each and every single-family dwelling lot or site. The Ordinance as now written merely permits one private garage with space for not more than one motor vehicle for each 2, 000 square feet of lot area. Many urban families now have as many as two and sometimes more than two automobiles per family. The off-street parking regulations require one space for one vehicle per family unit. 113. We recommend that consideration be given toward eliminating in 10d the allowance of cows and poultry in the Ordinance entirely. 114. Front yard minimum, in our opinion, should be 25 feet in lieu of the present provision of 'need not be more than 25 feet'. 97 Off-street parking space should be set up on a basis of sales floor space in the building. Section 12. District C-3, Highway Business District "In stipulating this use as a separate and distinct business district, it is possibly assumed all land area, abutting State, County, or highways, not zoned for industrial or general business usage, will be zoned for highway business. We question the advisability of separate highway business in the Ordinance. In our opinion, commercial districts should be characterized by concentrated areas in strategic locations in order to serve the distribution of population and not stripped along major highways in a ribbon -type development. it is questionable as to whether or not there would be any necessity in differentiating between types of business appropriate for local business and highway business. Section 13. District C-P, Planned Business District "This seems to be a fairly comprehensive provision for planned business district development containing a reversionary clause wherein a, time limitation is set up for commencement of development within a specified time. We are of the opinion, how- ever, that the time of commencing construction should be deter- mined and set by the Planning and Zoning Commission after study of the planned commercial district of each specific development, such time limitation depending upon the type of construction and magnitude of proposed development. A time limitation for com- pletion of construction should be agreed upon mutually by the developer or proponents, and the Planning and Zoning Commission in accordance with the above considerations. Provisions should be made for the issuance of a certificate of occupancy to be issued by the City after construction has been completed and before occupancy of the building can be made. "Stipulation should also be inserted in the general conditions relative to the furnishing, by proponents, of detailed economic analysis and market analysis, of the particular urban area that the development is designed to serve. Sections 14 and 15 ''The categorical uses enumerated in these two sections seem to be fairly comprehensive. It is recommended, however, that a. review be made of these particular categories to insure that the uses listed properly fit each district, more particularly whether or not the uses listed under light industry are more applicable to heavy industry. Section 22. Off -Street Parking and Loading Regulations "It is recommended that a very careful study be directed toward the provisions set out in these off-street parking and loading regulations. In our opinion, consideration should be given toward designating parking spaces in accordance with categorical listing of business uses, particularly in subsection 6. We believe the present off-street parking requirements established in the Ordinance to be below a recognized minimum in most instances. Section 31. Filing Fee "It is recommended that consideration be given to in- creasing the filing fee for all appeals and applications for zoning changes to $35. 00 per application in lieu of. $10. 00 as now stipulated. GENERAL "The general observations of the consultants with regard to the present Zoning Ordinance in Hurst is that the Ordinance is, for the most part, fairly comprehensive and in keeping with good zoning practices. The Ordinance, as now written, would in general be adequate for land use control of the future urban development of Hurst provided, however, that the spirit of the Ordinance is maintained and the integrity of the projected land use plan is properly effectuated. The success of. the Zoning Ordinance as an effective land use control_. will depend upon the adequacy and capabilities of the zoning administrators or building inspector and the complete cooperation of the Zoning Board of Adjustment, the Planning and Zoning Commission, and the City Council in applying the Ordinance to the land use planning principles and projections that have been established in the Master City Plan for Hurst, "It is recommended in the administration of the Ordinance that careful attention, thoroughness and progressive procedure be maintained in keeping up-to-date the Zoning District Map which has been prepared in consonance with. the Ordinance as written. 99 Each zoning change, as enacted by the City Council, should be in the form of an ordinance. It is recommended that the ordinance number, ordinance code, time of final enactment, and such other information as would be pertinent to the zoning change be inserted in the proper places provided upon the Zoning District Map. The new Zoning District Map has been previously prepared and sub- mitted by the consultants to the Planning Commission for pro- cesses of adoption. ''There are perhaps certain considerations that have been developed by the Planning and Zoning Commission relative to provisions of the present zoning ordinance that are difficult to interpret or enforce. These have not been brought to the attention of the consultants. It is our recommendation that these particu- larly troublesome provisions be listed, and at the proper time and at the discretion of the Planning and Zoning Commission, the consultants would be in a position to discuss these provisions or to make specific recommendations as to modification to such questionable provisions. "The various recommendations that are contained herein should be discussed in detail with the Planning and Zoning Commission if and when such recommendations may be con- sidered worthy of further discussion. " PROPOSED ZONING DISTRICT MAP Employing the zoning district designation as set out in the Hurst Zoning Ordinance, Plate 16 has been prepared and represents a recom- mended Zoning District Map for the City of Euless. In preparing this proposed Zoning District Map recognition was given to present struc- tural development and land usage,. No attempt has been made to zone any commercial districts other than those in which there is a decided nucleus of existing commercial uses. It is the recommendation of the consultants that such future outlying shopping districts as are actually needed in the future be rezoned from present indicated residential usage at such time as development proposals are made by land developers in accordance with the needs of the planning neighborhoods and future land use projections as set out on the Future Land Use Plan, Plate 9 and in Tables 8 and 9. L1 �J R - I SINGLL rAMILI Ula I h I b I R 2 TWO FAMILY DISTRICT R 3 APARTMENT DISTRICT - C-1 LOCAL BUSINESS DISTRICT C-2 GENERAL BUSINESS DISTRICT :3-!t:`•''.iT':: c-a nibnneT Duaincaa u i a inioi CP PLANNED BUSINESS DISTRICT ® M - I LIGHT INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT ® M - 2 HEAVY INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT n lvu�unnu�, u� n � nv v� C 0 N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E N S THE COMPREHENSIVE CITY PLAN PROPOSED ZONING MAP EULESS, TEXAS PLATE 16 j 101 Other land uses, particularly those of an industrial nature, may be required in the future; however, it is the opinion of the consultants that such rezoning should be considered only after careful study of the development proposals as are presented to the Planning Commission during the future years. Should the City of Euless favorably consider the preparation of a similar zoning ordinance to that recommended above, it is recom- mended that such an ordinance be prepared by the City Attorney with due consideration of the comments and recommendations as contained in the consultants' report on the Hurst Zoning Ordinance, with such assistance from the consultants that the City may deem advisable, Plan Administration And Capital Improvements 102 PLAN ADMINISTRATION Although urban planning for future development of a, municipality is the responsibility and function of the City Government through its Planning and Zoning Commission, there are many public agencies, civic groups, individual citizens, land developers and industrial and commercial enterprises that contribute valuable assistance in the overall development of the City through their daily activities and investments in city building. All of them expend funds and contribute ideas and energies toward the physical development of the overall physical aspects of the Community. The Euless -.Hurst Chamber of Commerce, Tarrant County Commissioners Court, Euless -Hurst -- Bedford Independent School District and various agencies of the Federal Government are all engaged in some measure in providing improve- ments that contribute to the urban community development. The Planning and Zoning Commission is, as it should be, the coordinating agency to furnish the necessary assistance and advice so that the efforts and funds of all such progressive forces may be intelligently coordinated toward the accomplishment of the objectives and proposals advanced by the Comprehensive City Plan. Successful administration and implementation of the City Plan will depend upon the highest possible degree of cooperation and coordination of the thinking and planning of these many individuals, groups and agencies and the various departments of the City Govern- ment. Too, there must always be an effective and harmonious rela- tionship and a coordinated operative program and attitude at all times between the City Council and the City Planning and Zoning Commission. The Comprehensive City Plan for Euless has been prepared by the Planning and Zoning Commission with the assistance of its con- sultants as the official working tool and guide through which the Com- mission may effectively carry out its duties and functions as the Municipality's planning agency. The City Plan represents a medium through which the future development of Euless may be directed toward an orderly, convenient, efficient and desirable place in which its citizens may live, work and play. 103 ADOPTION OF THE PLAN The Comprehensive City Plan for Euless, being the guide through which the Planning and Zoning Commission will function, should, there- fore, be adopted as an official instrument of that agency and should be kept up-to-date and in accord with local conditions and economic situa- tions throughout the future years. It is the responsibility of the Planning and Zoning Commission to keep the City Council informed relative to the various planning principles, the major recommended improvements that are needed and the mechanics of the various control procedures that are involved in the structure of the Comprehensive Plan. Should any of the elements of the Plan become out of scale with development trends or the economic situation in the Community, those elements should be adjusted and the Planning Commission should be authorized by the City Council to bring the Plan up-to-date. It is recommended that the Plan be revaluated every five years and revised, according to requirements, by the Planning Commission as authorized by the City Council. The Planning and Zoning Commission, being the statutory planning agency, should always be in readiness to fulfill its responsibilities as such to the City Council and to the various departmental staffs of the Euless Municipal Government. The City Council is the only authorized legislative body; therefore, it will have the power to determine the program of accomplishments of the Plan and the capital improvements that must be made throughout the future years in keeping with the recom- mendations of the City Plan. It is responsible for setting up the policies of the government and making determinations as to the revenue -producing policies and resources. The City Council should always seek the advice and recommendations of the Planning and Zoning Commission before granting any changes in the basic land use pattern of the urban structure or establishing policies carrying out recommended improvement, projects of a capital nature that will affect the overall community development. -` The City Plan is a coordinated instrument of related improvement elements and controls. If, for any reason, one element is partially or i wholly ignored by the City Council without consideration of the implica- tions upon other related elements of the Plan and without first consulting Ueffectiveness the Planning and Zoning Commission, the purpose, integrity and of the Planning and Zoning Commission as the official planning agency will then be lost and the Plan will become obsolete and, in time, worthless as a guide to orderly and harmonious urban develop- ment. 104 CITIZEN SUPPORT AND PUBLICITY Successful accomplishment of the Plan and ultimate benefits to be derived from the Plan throughout the future years of Euless' development will depend upon the enthusiasm and support given the Plan by all of the citizens in the Community. The public should be kept informed of any public improvement program and certainly they must be made cognizant of the Plan's objectives and proposals, how the improvements can be accomplished, the advantages that will accrue and the manner in which all improvements, both public and private, will fit into the overall urban structure that the City Plan seeks to promote. Unless the public is well informed and made familiar with the intent and objectives of the Plan, it is likely that the pressure of minor groups and selfish interests may exert adverse influences that will severely damage and, in some instances, completely destroy the effect of the value of the long-range development Plan. The City Plan should be kept in circulation and made available to the public. The planning principles and standards being followed by the Planning and Zoning Commission must be made known to the public through all of the available local media of public enlightenment. This may be accomplished through discussions and lectures before civic groups by members of the Planning and Zoning Commission and City Officials. The local and area newspapers should be encouraged to publish articles and editorials regarding the various programs as they come up for accomplishment. The same procedure may be followed for the local radio stations and available television outlets. Ultimate support of the Plan may be developed in the minds of the younger citizens of the Euless area through the teaching of primary planning courses and the conducting of competitive programs of written editorials and essays on planning in the school system as a part of the educational curriculum. This medium of education in urban planning is most im- portant, because it is likely that the major portion of the improvements and the objectives to be achieved by the City Plan ultimately will be carried out over the years by these young citizens as they mature and take their places in the Community society as adult citizens. ' r PLANNING PROGRESS REPORTS It is recommended that the Planning and Zoning Commission publish regular reports, not only to the City Council but to the public of the pro- gress the City is making toward accomplishment of the various elements of the Community's Development Plan. 105 The Planning and Zoning Commission may advance the objectives of the Plan by always being in readiness to enlighten developers on the aspects of good planning principles and objectives that the City Plan seeks to encourage. This can be accomplished effectively through the intelligent and judicious administration of the zoning ordinance and land subdivision control regulations. Careful and impartial administration of these control regulations will provide the most effective medium through which the Plan may be executed over the next two or more decades. PLANNING AGENCY MEMBERSHIP In order to perform effectively the planning administrative functions entrusted to it by the citizens of the Community through its elected City Council and as provided for under the enabling statutes of the State of Texas, the Planning Commission should always be composed of members having highest qualities of leadership, vision and integrity so that the Commission may command the greatest respect of the citizens of the Community. The Planning Commission should always be free of political influences and pressures so that it may impartially administer the planning principles and standards and the land use control regulations. The same qualities of leadership and integrity hold true in the case of the appointments to membership on the Zoning Board of Adjustment. PLANNING, A CONTINUING PROCESS It is well to point out that urban planning is a continuing process. The development of this City Plan for Euless is only a beginning to the planning effort to 'be made by the Municipality throughout the coming years. Through proper utilization of the Plan, the City will have a framework upon which to build the future Euless Community. However, the mere fact that Euless now has a Comprehensive Plan as a guide for future development is not enough in itself. Diligent and continuous effort and determination must be expended'by the City Government, the Planning Agency, the City governmental staffs and all of the Euless citizens in seeing to it that the Plan is put to use and that the integrity of the Plan is protected throughout the future years.